Muscle & nerve
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Extraforaminal lumbar disk herniations are characterized by distinct clinical features in comparison to paramedian lumbar disk herniations. ⋯ Extraforaminal compression is associated with chronic as well as neuropathic pain, presumably caused by direct compression of the dorsal root ganglion, which may preferentially promote specific chronic pain mechanisms. Muscle Nerve 58: 676-680, 2018.
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Reliable assessment of brachial plexus disorders can be challenging due to the complexity of the anatomy and variation of potential pathology. Electrodiagnostic testing can be both uncomfortable for the patient and inconclusive. Ultrasound can serve as a complement to clinical assessment, electrodiagnostic testing, and other imaging modalities. ⋯ An illustrative case is presented. Ultrasound is a high-resolution point of care diagnostic tool that allows assessment of structural pathology affecting the brachial plexus. Muscle Nerve 58: 618-624, 2018.