International journal of pharmaceutics
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The purpose of this study is to develop biodegradable drug-eluting pellets to provide a sustainable delivery of cisplatin intrapleurally. Poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) (LA:GA=50:50) copolymer and cisplatin were mixed, compressed, and sintered to construct biodegradable pellets and placed in phosphate-buffered saline to test the characteristics of in vitro release. In vivo, equal amounts of cisplatin (10mg/kg) were introduced into rabbit pleural cavities either by free form (Gr1) or pellets form (Gr2). ⋯ In vivo, the cisplatin level in the pleural fluid was equally high during the first 2 days but dropped quickly in Gr1 while remaining high in Gr2 for 18 days, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001) In contrast, the plasma cisplatin level was 10 times significantly higher in Gr1 than in Gr2 (P<0.001), which resulted in two early deaths of rabbits. Thus we concluded that our biodegradable pellets could achieve high and steady cisplatin release in the pleural cavity. This novel drug delivery system may have the potential to serve as an adjuvant treatment for malignant pleural lesion.
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Pain accompanying intravenous injections of propofol is a major problem in anesthesia. Pain is ascribed to the interaction of propofol with the local vasculature and could be impacted by rapid dissolution of the emulsion formulation to release the drug. In this paper, we measure the dissolution of propofol emulsions including the commercial formulation Diprivan(®). ⋯ Drug release from emulsions occurs very rapidly after injection. This could be a contributing factor to pain on injection of propofol emulsions.
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Functional wound dressing has provided new challenges for researchers who focus on burn to improve skin graft quality, reduce scarring, and develop a pluristratified dermal or epidermal construct of a burn wound. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a silk fibroin/gelatin (SF/GT) electrospun nanofibrous dressing loaded with astragaloside IV (AS) on deep partial-thickness burn wound. AS-loaded SF/GT-blended nanofibrous dressing was prepared by electrospinning nanotechnology. ⋯ This dressing also accelerated wound healing and inhibited scar formation in vivo by stimulating wound closure (p<0.05), increasing angiogenesis, regulating newly formed types of collagen, and improving collagen organization. These results showed that SF/GT nanofibrous dressing is a promising topical drug delivery system. Furthermore, AS-functionalized SF/GT nanofibrous dressing is an excellent topical therapeutic that could be applied to promote healing and elicit anti-scar effects on partial-thickness burn wound.
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This letter is a response to the comments of Kalleian Eserian et al. on our study relating to the accuracy, precision and sustainability of six tablet splitters and a kitchen knife as an alternative to breaking paracetamol 500mg tablets by hand. We would like to inform the readers of International Journal of Pharmaceutics that our study focused on splitting tablets with a mechanical tool rather than breaking tablets by hand. Although publications on hand breaking tablets were not cited for this reason, we are familiar with the conclusions of these publications. This is especially true for the publications that were written by direct colleagues from the department of the corresponding author e.g., Van Santen et al. and Van der Steen et al.
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This study aims at developing a population pharmacokinetic model for ketamine in children with cardiac diseases in order to rationalize an effective 2-h anesthetic medication, personalized based on cardiac function and age. Twenty-one children (6 months to 18 years old) were enrolled in this prospective, open label study. Ketamine 2mg/kg IV was administered and blood samples were then collected over 8h for ketamine assay. ⋯ Typical population parameters were: total clearance: 60.6 ×(weight/70)(0.75)L/h, intercompartmental clearance: 73.2 ×(weight/70)(0.75)L/h, central distribution volume: 57.3 ×(weight/70)L, and peripheral distribution volume: 152 ×(weight/70)L. Ketamine clearance in children with pre-existing congenital heart disease was comparable to values reported in healthy subjects. Computer simulations indicated that an initial loading dose of ketamine 2mg/kg IV over 1 min followed by a constant rate infusion of 6.3mg/kg/h for 29 min, 4.5mg/kg/h from 30 to 80 min, and 3.9 mg/kg/h from 80 to 120 min achieves and maintains anesthetic plasma level for 2h in children 1 year or older (weight ≥ 10 kg).