Journal français d'ophtalmologie
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Depending upon the type of communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, two types of carotid-cavernous fistulae can be distinguished: direct carotid-cavernous fistula (DCCF), for which diagnosis is usually easy because of the obvious signs of orbital congestion, and indirect carotid-cavernous fistula (ICCF) or dural fistula, with few symptoms, associated with a delay in diagnosis which can alter prognosis for function and even life. ⋯ ICCF can impact mortality and are often underdiagnosed. The diagnostic delay observed in our study reflects the difficulties which persist in recognizing the clinical signs of this condition. ICCF must be suspected in the case of a history suggestive of CCF, even if the clinical examination appears normal. The presence of a bruit must be carefully sought, not only in the classical orbital location, but also in other facial locations as shown in our study. Our results demonstrate that there is indeed a good correlation between the site of the CCF, the location of the bruit, and the vessels involved.