Journal français d'ophtalmologie
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Neuro-ophthalmic emergencies can cause life-threatening or sight-threatening complications. Various conditions may have acute neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, including inflammatory or ischemic processes, as well as tumoral, aneurysmal compression or metabolic and systemic diseases. Diplopia related to a partial third nerve palsy with pupillary involvement may reveal an intracranial aneurysm. ⋯ Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy may be the first manifestation of giant cell arteritis, prompting rapid treatment with steroids to prevent contralateral involvement. A (painful) Horner syndrome may be the presenting sign of carotid dissection, or it may be a sign of a central or thoracic sympathetic lesion. Beyond these classical emergencies, this non-exhaustive review will also present more rare clinical situations, describing novel algorithms for quick recognition and prompt intervention in acute neuro-ophthalmology.