Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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Neurosci Biobehav Rev · Oct 2012
Review Meta AnalysisNeuropsychological consequences of chronic opioid use: a quantitative review and meta-analysis.
It is widely assumed within the accumulated literature that neuropsychological function is commonly impaired as a consequence of chronic opioid use. ⋯ This analysis highlighted methodological problems present in the literature used and the value of utilising meta-analytic techniques to help further elucidate the neuropsychological consequences of chronic opioid use from 'core' addiction phenotypes.
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Much research shows that early life manipulations have enduring behavioral, neural, and hormonal effects. However, findings of learning and memory performance vary widely across studies. We reviewed studies in which pre-weaning rat pups were exposed to stressors and tested on learning and memory tasks in adulthood. ⋯ Opposing effects on performance for spatial/relational memory also depended upon timing of manipulation. Enhanced performance was likely if the manipulation occurred during postnatal week 3 but performance was impaired if it was confined to the first two postnatal weeks. Thus, the relationship between early life experiences and adulthood learning and memory performance is multifaceted and decidedly task-dependent.