Pathology, research and practice
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Pathol. Res. Pract. · May 2021
ReviewRecent advances and challenges of RT-PCR tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Since the outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the control of virus spread has remained challenging given the pitfalls of the current diagnostic tests. Nevertheless, RNA amplification techniques have been the gold standard among other diagnostic methods for monitoring clinical samples for the presence of the virus. ⋯ We discuss the barriers to the widespread use of the RT-PCR test, and some technical advances, such as RT-LAMP (reverse-transcriptase-loop mediated isothermal amplification). We also address how other molecular techniques, such as immunodiagnostic tests can be used to avoid incorrect interpretation of RT-PCR tests.
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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), first appeared in December 2019, in Wuhan, China and evolved into a pandemic. As Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is one of the potential target receptors for SARS-CoV-2 in human body, which is expressed in different tissues, multiple organs might become affected. In the initial phase of the current pandemic, a handful of post-mortem case-series revealed COVID-19-related pathological changes in various organs. ⋯ Herein, we thoroughly reviewed multiple organs including lung, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, skin, heart, blood, spleen, lymph nodes, brain, blood vessels, and placenta in terms of COVID-19-related pathological alterations. Also, these findings were compared with SARS and MERS infection, wherever applicable. We found a diverse range of pathological changes, some of which resemble those found in SARS and MERS.
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Pathol. Res. Pract. · Jan 2020
Review Meta AnalysisThe different role of PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: A meta-analysis.
Programmed cell death-ligands 1 (PD-L1) is a promising immune target for tumor immunotherapy. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies. ⋯ However, the higher PD-L1 expression in tumor cells indicated a better DFS of OPSCC (HR = 0.34, 95 %CI: 0.18-0.67). This meta-analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 overexpression in HNSCC associated with female patients. However, no significant difference was observed in OS or DFS, except the DFS in OPSCC.
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Pathol. Res. Pract. · Sep 2019
Meta AnalysisAssociation of CAV1 polymorphisms with the risks of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) polymorphisms have been shown to correlated with breast cancer risk in previous studies. However, the role of CAV1 polymorphisms still remained indecisive, and dual functions of CAV1 was demonstrated in breast cancer development. Consequently, a meta-analysis to evaluate and summarize the association of the CAV1 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility. ⋯ CAV1 rs3807987 and rs7804372 polymorphisms are associated with the change of breast cancer risk. More well-designed and large studies in various populations are needed to further elaborate these associations.
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Pathol. Res. Pract. · Jan 2019
Meta AnalysisCAV1 polymorphisms rs1049334, rs1049337, rs7804372 might be the potential risk in tumorigenicity of urinary cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Background As an integral membrane, Caveolin-1 (CAV1), is a pivotal component to make up the caveolae protein. It has been demonstrated to influence tumorigenicity, including bladder, colon, liver, stomach, breast and lung cancer. Several publications had illustrated the relationship of between CAV1 polymorphism and urinary cancer, but the results were not consistent. ⋯ The GTEx in-silico analysis index that the polymorphism of CAV1 influence its mRNA expression by a dose-dependent effective of its mutant allele. Conclusion rs1049334 polymorphismof CAV1 upgrade the risk of urinary cancer, while rs1049337 and rs7804372 polymorphisms may act as a protector of urinary cancer. Further large and well-designed studies in various populations are needed to confirm the results.