Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology
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Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. · Dec 2017
ReviewThe dawn of "immune-revolution" in children: early experiences with checkpoint inhibitors in childhood malignancies.
Modern immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has changed clinical practice of adult patients with advanced cancer. Blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways have shown survival benefits in different diseases. In children, combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have improved survival rates of solid tumors. ⋯ Currently, the treatment of these patients is almost exclusively based on standard chemotherapy. The significant proportion of pediatric cancers with high number of mutations and subsequent high expression of neoantigens, together with the potential prognostic role of the immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules (CTLA-4, PD-L1) can represent a promising rationale that support the use of checkpoint inhibitors. We made a revision about emerging data regarding safety and activity of checkpoint inhibitors in children with solid tumors.
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Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. · Dec 2017
Phase 1 study of darolutamide (ODM-201): a new-generation androgen receptor antagonist, in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
This trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of darolutamide (ODM-201), a new-generation nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). ⋯ Darolutamide was well tolerated at the examined doses in Japanese patients with mCRPC, without differences in safety and pharmacokinetics relative to Western patients.
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Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. · Dec 2017
Uncommon mutation types of epidermal growth factor receptor and response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is the standard therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinomas with common EGFR mutations. However, the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in patients with uncommon EGFR mutations (other than exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R mutation) remains undetermined. ⋯ Personalized treatment should be evolving in different types of uncommon EGFR mutations. Clinical benefit from EGFR-TKIs was higher in NSCLC patients with complex EGFR mutations than those with other uncommon EGFR mutation types.
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Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. · Dec 2017
Phase II study of fixed dose-rate gemcitabine plus S-1 as a second-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer.
Gemcitabine plus platinum is considered standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. However, no standard second-line therapy has been established for this disease. According to reports, S-1 exerts anti-tumor effects on advanced biliary tract cancer and gemcitabine is more effective via fixed dose-rate administration. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of fixed dose-rate gemcitabine and S-1 after failure of gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus cisplatin therapy. ⋯ Second-line fixed dose-rate gemcitabine plus S-1 was not sufficiently effective and tolerable in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer refractory to gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus cisplatin.