Irish journal of medical science
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Radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) includes adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) and salvage radiotherapy (SRT), which can prevent or cure biochemical recurrence. ⋯ ART and SRT had favorable outcomes with no recurrence within RT field. In SRT, the time to PSA nadir after RT (≥ 10 months) was found to be a new predictor for favorable bRFS and useful in assessing treatment efficacy.
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Simulation is a rapidly developing field in modern undergraduate skills education and postgraduate surgical training. ⋯ Simulation training is an effective method of postgraduate education. This has been particularly useful following reduced operative exposure in the COVID-19 era.
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There is no consensus on the number of ligation bands for varying grades of internal hemorrhoids (IH) in a single session of endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL). ⋯ The average ERBL treatment of IH requires nearly four bands, and grade II hemorrhoids require less banding than grade III hemorrhoids, while the efficacy was better. Increasing the number of bands improves the treatment efficacy for grade III IH, which could be a strategy to reduce the recurrence rate without increasing postoperative complications.