Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics
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J Manipulative Physiol Ther · Sep 2008
ReviewClinical assessment of the deep cervical flexor muscles: the craniocervical flexion test.
The craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) is a clinical test of the anatomical action of the deep cervical flexor muscles, the longus capitis, and colli. It has evolved over 15 years as both a clinical and research tool and was devised in response to research indicating the importance of the deep cervical flexors in support of the cervical lordosis and motion segments and clinical observations of their impairment with neck pain. ⋯ Research has established that patients with neck pain disorders, compared to controls, have an altered neuromotor control strategy during craniocervical flexion characterized by reduced activity in the deep cervical flexors and increased activity in the superficial flexors usually accompanied by altered movement strategies. Furthermore, they display reduced isometric endurance of the deep cervical flexor muscles. The muscle impairment identified with the CCFT appears to be generic to neck pain disorders of various etiologies. These observations prompted the use of the craniocervical flexion action for retraining the deep cervical flexor muscles within a motor relearning program for neck pain patients, which has shown positive therapeutic benefits when tested in clinical trials.