Maturitas
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Publicly organized population breast cancer screening is presently hotly debated. Indeed, population screening is poorly effective, induces harms in a healthy population and is costly. ⋯ The latter could be a more efficient strategy. The principles of individualized screening are (a) to start from the age at which the breast cancer risk is equal to that for an average women aged 50 years, (b) to stop when the risk of co-mortality exceeds the risk of breast cancer mortality, (c) to adapt the exams frequency and the imaging modalities to the individual risk and to the breast density, (d) to reassess regularly and individually the screening strategy, and (e) to discuss honestly with each woman in order to help her to decide if she participates or not.
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Celiac disease is a genetically-based and immunologically-mediated systemic disorder, affecting primarily the small intestine in adults. About 0.5-1% of most populations studied are affected, with up to 2% in Finland. In families, specifically first-degree relatives, up to 20% may have the disease. ⋯ Finally, another associated disease causing similar clinical and biopsy features or, alternatively, a complicating disorder may develop, such as a lymphoma. Some with biopsy features suggestive of celiac disease may not respond to a gluten-free diet. These may not have celiac disease at all, but instead, a sprue-like intestinal disease, or so-called unclassified sprue.