The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · May 2019
ReviewGoals of Care: Development and Use of the Serious Veterinary Illness Conversation Guide.
Goals of care (GOC) conversations and resulting goal-concordant treatment are the heart of palliative medicine. Despite repeated evidence that GOC conversations offer significant benefit and minimal harm, barriers to widespread and high-quality implementation persist in human medicine. ⋯ The Serious Illness Conversation Guide was developed for human patients and has been modified for use in the veterinary profession. The guide promotes individualized, goal-concordant care planning even when conflict and emotional demands are high.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Nov 2018
ReviewIntravenous Lipid Emulsions in Veterinary Clinical Toxicology.
Use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) as an antidote for severe cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity has expanded in the veterinary world in the past decade. Despite advances in understanding of potential mechanisms of action of antidotal ILE, knowledge gaps remain in efficacy, appropriate dosing rates for various toxicants, and potential adverse reactions. Use of ILE in management of toxicoses of veterinary patients should be considered investigational, and should not be first-line treatment of most toxicoses, especially where established treatment protocols have good likelihood of positive outcomes. Use of ILE in veterinary toxicology cases requires judicious assessment of individual cases and proper informed consent of clients.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Nov 2018
ReviewToxicology of Marijuana, Synthetic Cannabinoids, and Cannabidiol in Dogs and Cats.
Pet exposure to marijuana-containing products-both recreational and medicinal-along with exposure to extracts such as cannabidiol is increasing in conjunction with greater accessibility. Cannabis products are even sold for use in pets. ⋯ Veterinarians need to be able to recognize associated clinical signs and understand when cases have the potential for severity. This article provides a brief history of cannabis along with a review of the endocannabinoid system, common cannabis products, expected clinical signs, and medical treatment approaches associated with cannabis exposure in pets.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Nov 2018
ReviewToxicology of Newer Insecticides in Small Animals.
In the broadest definition, a pesticide (from fly swatters to chemicals) is a substance used to eliminate a pest. Newer insecticides are much safer to the environment, humans, and nontarget species. These insecticides are able to target physiologic differences between insects and mammals, resulting in greater mammalian safety. This article briefly reviews toxicity information of both older insecticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, permethrins, and pyrethroids, as well as some newer insecticides.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 2017
ReviewA Quick Reference on Anion Gap and Strong Ion Gap.
Metabolic acid-base disorders are common in emergency and critically ill patients. Clinicians may have difficulty recognizing their presence when multiple acid-base derangements are present in a single patient simultaneously. The anion gap and the strong ion gap concepts are useful calculations to identify the components of complex metabolic acid-base associated to the presence of unmeasured anions. This article presents their definition, normal values, indications, limitations, and guidelines for interpretation of changes in the clinical setting.