The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Jul 2005
ReviewRegional anesthesia and analgesia for oral and dental procedures.
Regional anesthesia and analgesia benefit the client, the patient, and the practitioner, and their use is becoming the standard for care. Familiarity with the processes involved in the generation of pain aids in understanding the benefits of preemptive and multimodal analgesia. Local anesthetic blocks should be a key component of a treatment plan, along with opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, and other therapies. Nerve blocks commonly used for dentistry and oral surgery include the infraorbital, maxillary, mental,and mandibular blocks.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 2005
ReviewAssessment and treatment of perfusion abnormalities in the emergency patient.
Many patients presented to the emergency veterinarian are suffering from global or local tissue hypoperfusion. Global or systemic hypoperfusion can occur secondary to a reduction in the effective circulating intravascular volume (hypovolemic shock) or reduced ability of the heart to pump blood around the body secondary to reduced cardiac function (cardiogenic shock),obstruction to blood flow (obstructive shock), or maldistribution of the circulating intravascular volume (distributive shock). ⋯ Treatment decisions are made based on an assessment of the severity of the hypoperfusion and its probable underlying cause. Early effective treatment of hypoperfusion is likely to lead to a better outcome for the patient.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 2005
Review Case ReportsAnesthetic protocols for common emergencies.
Anesthesia, sedation, and pain management should be taken seriously in the emergency patient. Proper knowledge of the drugs available and their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are necessary to administer anesthesia safely to critical patients. A proactive approach regarding monitoring, titration of anesthetic drugs, and anticipation of life-threatening complications helps in achieving successful anesthetic outcomes.
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A review of common emergencies of the urinary system is presented, with a focus on initial stabilization and treatment. Urethral obstruction, uroperitoneum, and acute renal failure are discussed.
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Ophthalmic emergencies are common presenting complaints in an emergency room. Most ophthalmic emergencies can be treated and stabilized until an ophthalmologist can be consulted. ⋯ Delay in treating true emergencies may result ina blind eye or loss of an eye. This article discusses the clinical signs,diagnosis, and treatment as well as the prognosis of some of the more common ophthalmic emergencies.