The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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This review of the anatomy is meant to serve as a quick reference to provide the reader with a concise yet thorough overview of the anatomy of the inner, middle, and external ear as well as the physiology of hearing. Additional information is also presented regarding structures located adjacent to the ear that may be important with respect to surgical anatomy.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Nov 2003
Review Case ReportsClinical application of a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution.
Oxyglobin, a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying fluid, is indicated in the treatment of anemia in dogs and may be life saving if compatible red blood cells are not available for transfusion. The colloidal properties of Oxyglobin allow for expansion of the circulatory volume, which may be helpful in patients with hypovolemia, especially hemorrhagic shock. Oxyglobin's colloidal properties can also lead to circulatory overload, with development of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion, however, necessitating careful monitoring of the rate of administration and of the respiratory rate and effort of the patient. Measurement of total or plasma hemoglobin concentration can be used as an aid in monitoring patients receiving Oxyglobin.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Nov 2003
ReviewTriggers for prophylactic use of platelet transfusions and optimal platelet dosing in thrombocytopenic dogs and cats.
Prophylactic platelet transfusions are frequently given to human patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia. For several decades, the most common transfusion trigger was 20,000/microL, but the trend is now to use 10,000/microL in the absence of other risk factors for bleeding. This trigger seems to reduce the number of transfusions without increasing the risk of severe bleeding. ⋯ It must be remembered that the frequency of platelet transfusions may be greater in the presence of factors accelerating platelet loss or destruction. If fresh whole blood is used, a rule of thumb is to transfuse 10 mL/kg, which will raise the recipient platelet count by a maximum of approximately 10,000/microL. Daily transfusions or transfusions every other day will probably be required.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Nov 2003
ReviewTriggers for use, optimal dosing, and problems associated with red cell transfusions.
The administration of RBC components can dramatically improve tissue oxygenation in small animals with symptomatic anemia and can be life saving. This therapy is not without risk, however. Careful consideration of the transfusion trigger, appropriate screening of the donor and recipient, and selection of the optimal RBC component and dose on an individual patient basis can help to limit the occurrence of adverse transfusion-related events. Appropriate component administration techniques, careful monitoring of recipients for the development of transfusion reactions, and prompt recognition and treatment of transfusion reactions are also essential in assuring safe transfusion practice.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Jul 2003
ReviewUpdate on canine and feline fungal diseases.
Systemic fungal diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats. Blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, and cryptococcosis represent the four most common systemic fungal diseases. Young adult, large breed dogs generally are predisposed; cats usually do not have predictable predispositions. ⋯ Diagnosis can be confirmed on the basis of clinical signs and demonstration of the causative organism. Serology is helpful with coccidiomycosis and cryptococcosis. Treatment is complicated by limited availability of fungicidal antimicrobials and the necessity of long-term treatment with expensive drugs.