The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · May 1996
ReviewUse and misuse of indwelling urethral catheters.
Because indwelling urethral catheterization is potentially detrimental, especially when it leads to urinary tract infection, indwelling urinary catheters must not be used indiscriminately. Appropriate use of indwelling catheters in recently obstructed cats is accomplished by identifying which cats are likely to experience repeated obstruction if such catheterization is not performed. When indwelling catheters are used, precautions must be taken to minimize the occurrence and severity of catheter-associated complications. Following catheter removal, which should be done as soon as possible, urine culture results should be used to verify absence of infection or to guide treatment when infection is detected.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Nov 1995
ReviewTransfusion therapy in emergency and critical care medicine.
The administration of blood or its components can provide the life-saving element for a critically ill small animal patient. Shock from acute massive hemorrhage produces catastrophic cardiovascular changes requiring rapid, accurate resuscitation techniques for survival. Bleeding that occurs more slowly allows for the opportunity to discover and treat the inciting cause and to administer specific blood component.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Sep 1995
ReviewAnesthetic management of the trauma patient.
The key to safe anesthesia of a trauma patient is preoperative stabilization. It minimizes the anesthesia risk and allows proper choices of anesthetic drugs. Adequate monitoring throughout anesthesia allows rapid and adequate therapeutic intervention. Proper control of upper airway and support of physiologic functions will enhance the chances of the patient to survive anesthesia.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · May 1995
ReviewEmergency therapy of diabetic crises: insulin overdose, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar coma.
Three types of diabetic crises occur: insulin overdose, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar coma. Neurologic signs may accompany each of these syndromes, and each must be differentiated quickly by the emergency clinician so that an appropriate treatment plan can be initiated. The basic goal is to restore metabolic derangements and to stabilize the patient so that it can then be managed more routinely as an uncomplicated diabetic.
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Hypovolemic shock is the manifestation of hypoperfusion from inadequate intravascular volume resulting in cellular hypoxia. Early, effective treatment tailored to the individual patient will minimize morbidity and mortality. The causes and end-organ responses can differ with each patient, requiring an understanding of the underlying physiology and pathophysiology. Treatment always consists of oxygen and isotonic crystalloids and may require the use of colloids, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and vasomotor drugs.