The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 2012
ReviewCommon rodenticide toxicoses in small animals.
This article focuses on the 3 most commonly used rodenticide types: anticoagulants, bromethalin, and cholecalciferol. It is important to verify the active ingredient in any rodenticide exposure. ⋯ The EPA released their final ruling on rodenticide risk mitigation measures in 2008 and all the products on the market had to be compliant by June 2011, changing to consumer products containing either first-generation anticoagulants or nonanticoagulants including bromethalin and cholecalciferol. These regulations are likely to cause an increase in the number of bromethalin and cholecalciferol cases.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Mar 2012
ReviewUse of intravenous lipid emulsions for treating certain poisoning cases in small animals.
Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) infusions have become an emerging treatment modality in managing intoxications of veterinary patients. The advantages of ILE include an apparent wide margin of safety, relatively low cost, long shelf-life, and ease of administration. Based on limited case and anecdotal reports, ILEs have shown promise in the management of toxicoses from a variety of lipophilic agents, including drugs and pesticides. More studies are needed to determine optimum dosing regimens and identify potential adverse effects from the antidotal use of ILE in veterinary medicine.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Sep 2011
ReviewComplications of upper airway surgery in companion animals.
Surgery of the upper airway is performed in dogs for the correction of brachycephalic airway syndrome and laryngeal paralysis and for temporary or permanent tracheostomy. Although technically simple to perform, upper airway surgeries can lead to the development of significant postoperative complications. This article reviews complications associated with common surgical conditions of the upper airway. ⋯ It also covers laryngeal paralysis with a focus on unilateral arytenoid lateralization and the complication of aspiration pneumonia. The condition of acquired laryngeal webbing/stenosis and potential treatment options is also discussed. Finally, tracheostomies and associated complications in dogs and cats are reviewed.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Jul 2011
ReviewDefects in coagulation encountered in small animal critical care.
Critically ill small animals are at risk for developing coagulation abnormalities. The processes of inflammation and coagulation are intertwined, and severe inflammation can lead to disturbances of coagulation. ⋯ Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of coagulation dysfunction are discussed. Defects in coagulation in small animal patients are complex and a consensus on diagnosis and treatment has yet to be reached.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. · Jul 2011
Cardiovascular dysfunction in sepsis and critical illness.
Myocardial dysfunction is commonly encountered in humans, and presumably in dogs with sepsis and critical illness. This dysfunction contributes to increased mortality. ⋯ Clinical findings, proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms, and current treatment considerations are discussed. Further study is needed to find practical ways to identify myocardial dysfunction and to determine whether timed interventions intended to augment cardiac performance will reduce mortality in this patient population.