Læknablađiđ
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Review
[Is Icelanders' sleep duration getting shorter? Review on sleep duration and sleeping habits].
Sleep health promotion is an ever-increasing subject of public discourse in Iceland. Prominent claims made include that the duration of sleep among Icelanders is shortening, and that changing sleeping habits constitute a significant public health risk. Like many aspects of healthcare, commercial interests and sales hype can skew perception. ⋯ The measurement methods that are used when comparing sleep studies are variable and can lead to different results. Associations have been established between sleep duration and adverse health outcomes, both physical and mental, but causality has not yet been established, and potential important mediators of the relationships are discussed. The circadian sleep phase of Icelanders is generally delayed relative to neighbors, likely related to Iceland's diurnal length variation at sub-Arctic latitudes and longitudinal discrepancies between natural light and local time.
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Diabetes and prolonged pregnancy are risk factors of macrosomia. The aim was to explore the relationship between the increased rate of labor induction and macrosomia in Iceland. Changes in the incidence proportion of macrosomia was estimated by gestational age. Further, the association between labor induction and macrosomia was estimated in reference to expectant management. ⋯ The rate of macrosomia decreased in Iceland during the last two decades, but only a small proportion of macrosomic infants had a mother with diabetes. Labor induction decreased the risk of macrosomia, an association which seemed independent of diabetes.