Læknablađiđ
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Hepatitis E is a viral disease that is usually transmitted through contaminated drinking water and most often causes a self-limiting infection that does not require specific treatment. It is common in India and has caused outbreaks in Asia, Africa and Mexico but has very rarely been diagnosed in Iceland. We describe two cases of hepatitis E diagnosed in Iceland in the last year.
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The most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency. We report a 29 year old man with history of dyspnea, fatigue and severe microcytic anemia despite iron therapy for 3 years. ⋯ The anemia resolved with pyridoxine treatment but severe iron overload necessitated multiple phlebotomies. Today the patient is asymptomatic on pyridoxine with a normal hemoglobin level.
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Comparative Study
[Evaluation of iron status by serum transferrin receptor level].
The purpose of this study was to estimate the value of the transferrin receptor in serum (sTfR) for detecting iron deficiency and compare it with the value of some other blood tests for that purpose. ⋯ The Thomas-Plot method and the sTfR-Ferritin-index proved to be the most reliable blood tests to diagnose iron deficiency. These parameters can eliminate the need of using bone marrow aspirate to diagnose iron deficiency in some cases.
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The prevalence of gallstones is 20 % making it one of the most common causes for admissions to surgical wards. It seems that admissions and operations for gallstone disease are increasing. Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder but can also form in the biliary tree and most are made of cholesterol which is absorbed from the diet. ⋯ Most patients with gallstones never experience any symptoms but the risk of presenting with complications related to gallstones is two percent per year. Patients with gallstones can present with pain or other more serious complications that demand surgical treatment and follow-up. This article will cover pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease.