Læknablađiđ
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Glaucoma is a degenerative disease in the optic nerve with associated visual field defects (VFD). Trabeculectomy is the most common glaucoma surgery. Surgery is indicated if glaucomatous optic neuropathy progresses despite tolerated medical treatment or in patients with severe VFD. The purpose of this paper is to describe the severity of visual field damage in patients undergoing their first trabeculectomy in Iceland. ⋯ VFD at referral to surgery varied from mild VFD to severe damage. Like clinical guidelines recommend, treatment seems to be individualized and the most common indication for surgery was increased VFD despite medical treatment. Mean MD at referral to surgery was high compared to other studies. Eyes with severe VFD had on average lower IOP and thinner cornea. This might indicate that great emphasis is placed on high IOP and perhaps too little emphasis on VFD and cornea thickness.
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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction is characterized by thunderclap headache and vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries, with or without focal neurologic symptoms. The syndrome is three times more common in women with a mean age around 45 years. In approximately 60% of cases a cause can be identified, commonly after intake of vasoactive substances. ⋯ Vascular imaging reveals alternating cerebral vasoconstriction and vasodilation that normalizes within 12 weeks. Calcium channel antagonists such as nimodipine reduce the frequency of thunderclap headaches but do not decidedly affect the risk of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. In this article the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of RCVS is reviewed.
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Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) children (birth weight ≤1000 g) are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of developmental disorders and disabilities among ELBW children born in Iceland during a 25 year period and to assess which clinical factors predict disability among these children. ⋯ The majority of ELBW children do not have major developmental disorders. The rate of disability in this study is similar to other studies. The study probably underestimates the rate of mild developmental disorders in the Icelandic population. Risk factors for disability in this study are comparable to previous studies.