Læknablađiđ
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Out-of-pocket health expenditures affect access to health care. The study investigated trends in these expenditures, and whether certain population groups spent more than others. ⋯ Household health expenditures differ substantially between groups, suggesting reconsideration of current health insurance policies, especially with regard to disabled, non-employed, low-income, and young individuals.
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Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and a common cause of disability among young people. MS is thought to be an autoimmune disease involving both inheritance and environmental factors. ⋯ The importance of timely diagnosis has increased with the availability of effective treatment. The purpose of this article is to review symptoms, signs, diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Postoperative bleeding is a common and potentially fatal complication following open heart surgery, studies reporting a reoperation rate for bleeding in the range of 2-6%. Surgical outcome after such reoperations has not been previously studied in Iceland. ⋯ Reoperation-rate for bleeding was 8%, which is higher compared to other studies. Bleeding is a serious complication following open heart surgery with high morbidity and significant mortality.
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Nutritional support of ICU patients is usually guided by estimations of their caloric needs. However, recent studies have shown that energy expenditure (EE) of critically ill patients is not as high as previously thought. The goal of this study was to measure EE in ICU patients, compare it with estimated EE and evaluate nutritional support. ⋯ Measured EE of ICU patients was less than nutritional support recommended by international guidelines. These results are in accordance with recent studies. Nutritional support was only 67% of measured energy expenditure and protein content less than recommended. Further studies are needed as it has not be shown how this might influence outcome.
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Survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest has not been previously reported in Iceland and the purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes of in-hospital resuscitation over a two year period. ⋯ The outcomes were similar to those reported at institutions in our neighboring countries. The survival rate was lower if the cardiac arrest occurred outside of regular working hours and if ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation was the first encountered rhythm.