Forensic science international
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Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in urine is considered a specific marker of recent ethanol consumption. There is an ongoing debate about whether inhalation or transdermal resorption of sanitizer ethanol is the underlying cause for positive EtG findings after hand disinfection. ⋯ Ethanol from hand sanitizers is predominantly incorporated by the respiratory tract but not via the skin. It can cause a distinct ethyl glucuronide excretion and thus analytically true-positive but forensically false-positive EtG findings in the urine of ethanol abstaining persons. Since accidental ethanol inhalation can occur quite frequently in the working place or even private household, such a situation should always be considered when EtG is used as a marker of recent ethanol consumption.
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Organ transplantation is one of the most important services of modern medicine to the humanity. In judicial death cases the interaction between judicial needs and transplantation needs is inevitable and both should be provided in a short time before the decomposition of the body. Thus, the description of this interaction and the algorithm which should be carried out to manage these cases are important. ⋯ Through the whole data presented in this study, it can be concluded that consulting with the Forensic Medicine Expert not only for the autopsies but also during the clinical process of a judicial case, who is a candidate to be an organ donor, is absolutely important. The early contribution of the Forensic Medicine Expert would provide help to plan both the judicial process and the transplantation process which needs urgent decisions. A Forensic Medicine Expert may be an organ harvest team member performing initial investigations on the cause of death and collecting some of the toxicological screening samples when needed.
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The study sought to determine the physiologic effects of the prone maximum restraint (PMR) position in obese subjects after intense exercise. We designed an experimental, randomized, cross-over trial in human subjects conducted at a university exercise physiology laboratory. Ten otherwise healthy, obese (BMI>30) subjects performed a period of heavy exertion on a cycling ergometer to 85% of maximum heart rate, and then were placed in one of three positions in random order for 15min: (1) seated with hands behind the back, (2) prone with arms to the sides, (3) PMR position. While in each position, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (V˙E), oxygen saturation (SaO2), and end tidal CO2(etCO2) were measured every 5min. There were no significant differences identified between the three positions in MAP, HR, V˙E, or O2sat at any time period. There was a slight increase in heart rate at 15min in the PMR position over the prone position (95 vs. 87). There was a decrease in end tidal CO2 at 15min in the PMR over the prone position (32mmHg vs. 35mmHg). In addition, there was no evidence of hypoxia or hypoventilation during any of the monitored 15min position periods. ⋯ In this small study of obese subjects, there were no clinically significant differences in the cardiovascular and respiratory measures comparing seated, prone, and PMR position following exertion.