Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Nov 2015
ReviewRadiation-induced fibrosis: mechanisms and implications for therapy.
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a long-term side effect of external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. It results in a multitude of symptoms that significantly impact quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms of RIF-induced changes is essential to developing effective strategies to prevent long-term disability and discomfort following radiation therapy. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the etiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, treatment, and directions of future therapy for this condition. ⋯ Although RIF is widely prevalent among patients undergoing radiation therapy and significantly impacts quality of life, there is still much to learn about its pathogenesis and mechanisms. Current treatments have stemmed from this understanding, and it is anticipated that further elucidation will be essential for the development of more effective therapies.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Nov 2015
Nilotinib in patients with systemic mastocytosis: analysis of the phase 2, open-label, single-arm nilotinib registration study.
Activating KIT mutations are part of the pathogenesis of systemic mastocytosis (SM). Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits activated forms of KIT. This phase 2, open-label, single-arm study (CAMN107A2101; www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00109707) evaluated nilotinib in patients with SM. ⋯ Nilotinib 400 mg twice daily was effective in some patients with SM, including patients with mutated KIT D816V.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Nov 2015
Clinical TrialThe use of targeted MR-guided prostate biopsy reduces the risk of Gleason upgrading on radical prostatectomy.
Gleason grading is the strongest predictor of prostate cancer outcome and commonly used to decide for or against the different treatment options. However, Gleason upgrading between systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-GB) and radical prostatectomy (RPE) has frequently been observed. With respect to the high accuracy of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for high-grade cancers and the higher percentage of cancer involvement per biopsy core in targeted MR-guided prostate biopsy (MR-GB), we hypothesized that MR-GB reduces the risk of Gleason upgrading on RPE as compared to the gold standard. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of Gleason upgrading on RPE for MR-GB, TRUS-GB, and the combination of both biopsy modalities. ⋯ MpMRI and targeted MR-GB are useful tools to better characterize and stage the extent of disease, and therefore enable the urologist to better risk-stratify and counsel the patient. The combined use of targeted MR-GB and TRUS-GB presents the least risk of Gleason underestimation.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Nov 2015
Stem cell mobilization and autologous stem cell transplantation after pretreatment with bendamustine, prednisone and bortezomib (BPV) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Reliable information on stem cell toxicity and mobilization of stem cells for autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) after induction treatment with a combination of bendamustine, prednisone and bortezomib (BPV) is missing. ⋯ Stem cell mobilization and autologous SCT are feasible in MM patients who have received BPV-induction therapy .
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Sep 2015
AML versus ICU: outcome of septic AML patients in an intensive care setting.
Intensive therapy regimens in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently result in sepsis and septic shock. In this study, we investigated the prognostic outcome of AML patients requiring intensive care treatment due to severe sepsis or septic shock. ⋯ In previous studies, age was one of the most important prognostic factors in AML patients receiving mechanical ventilation due to severe sepsis or septic shock. In spite of improvements in diagnostic and treatment over the last couple of years, our study indicates that this fact still is true. However, the overall outcome has improved over the years due to improvements in intensive care medicine.