Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Sep 2019
Meta AnalysisA comparison of regorafenib and fruquintinib for metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
The optimal treatment in the third-line and later-line setting for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has not been established. As reported, regorafenib and fruquintinib have shown to be superior to placebo in mCRC. However, no direct clinical comparison of regorafenib and fruquintinib has been conducted; we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of regorafenib and fruquintinib. ⋯ Based on efficacy and safety, there was a tendency that fruquintinib was superior to regorafenib, as a whole, regorafenib and fruquintinib demonstrated similar clinical benefit for patients with refractory mCRC. It seems that fruquintinib has less toxic in all-grade toxicity when compared with regorafenib.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Aug 2019
Lymph-node ratio is an important clinical determinant for selecting the appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for curative D2-resected gastric cancer.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer, particularly stage III, improves survival after curative D2 gastrectomy. We investigated the clinical value of the lymph-node ratio (LNR; number of metastatic lymph nodes/number of lymph nodes examined) for selecting the appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy regimen in patients with D2-resected stage II/III gastric cancer. ⋯ The LNR can be used to select the appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with D2-resected gastric cancer, particularly in stage III.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jul 2019
Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance procoagulant activity in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Hypercoagulability is a major cancer-associated complication linked to poor patient prognosis. The production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is increasingly found to be linked with the development and metastasis of cancer, as well as with thrombi formation in cancer patients. We hypothesized that the neutrophil NET release may be triggered by specific cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, thereby predisposing them to a hypercoagulable state. Moreover, we have evaluated the interaction between NETs and endothelial cells (ECs). ⋯ Our findings are consistent with a model wherein OSCC drives a systemic inflammatory state, which, in turn, drives neutrophils to prime and release NETs, which drive the development of a hypercoagulable state. Intervening in this process may be a viable means of disrupting these undesirable coagulation dynamics in stage III/IV OSCC patients.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jun 2019
Case ReportsImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and myocarditis: a systematic review of reported cases.
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancers has revolutionized cancer therapy. In general, these novel agents are more tolerable and have better safety profiles than conventional chemotherapy agents. Although a low incidence of myocarditis was noted as a side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, it is being increasingly cited in the literature as their use also increases. ⋯ Most cases and fatalities of myocarditis occurred shortly after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Arrhythmias, particularly complete heart block, appear to be related to the occurrence of more severe and fatal cases. The use of serial electrocardiograms or biomarkers of myocardial injury may be crucial in detecting early stages of the disease process. Further research establishing more specific guidelines is necessary in dealing with this potentially fatal side effect.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jun 2019
Comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-PD-1 therapy in real-world practice.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown marked responses in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical trials. However, because such trials comprise cohorts selected based on specific criteria, it is unclear if their results represent routine clinical practice. ⋯ The real-world ORR, PFS, OS, and adverse event profiles were comparable to previous clinical trials despite the patients' different baseline characteristics. Our findings can aid in establishing effective immunotherapeutic management of NSCLC in routine clinical practice.