Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Jan 2019
First experience and clinical results using a new non-coplanar mono-isocenter technique (HyperArc™) for Linac-based VMAT radiosurgery in brain metastases.
Radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) is increasing in the treatment of brain metastases (BMs). Aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of SRS/SFRT for BMs, using a new mono-isocenter non-coplanar solution (HyperArc™ Varian Medical System). ⋯ The present first clinical data show that SFRT/SRS with HyperArc™ is safe and effective for BMs patients. The utilization of SFRT/SRS for BMs is promising and should be further explored in randomized trials.
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Human microbiota comprises of a variety of organisms ranging from bacterial species to viruses, fungi, and protozoa which are present on the epidermal and mucosal barriers of the body. It plays a key role in health and survival of the host by regulation of the systemic functions. Its apparent functions in modulation of the host immune system, inducing carcinogenesis and regulation of the response to the cancer therapy through a variety of mechanisms such as bacterial dysbiosis, production of genotoxins, pathobionts, and disruption of the host metabolism are increasingly becoming evident. ⋯ In this review, the role of microbiota is explained in carcinogenesis, mechanisms of microbiota-mediated carcinogenesis, and role of gut microbiota in modulation of cancer therapy.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Dec 2018
Modified AJCC staging of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma based on T staging can improve the capacity of prognosis assessment.
This study was designed to determine the value of AJCC staging 7th edition and improved AJCC staging in assessing the prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (GNEC). ⋯ T stage was an independent factor influencing the prognosis of stage IIIb GNEC patients, and the improved AJCC staging proposed here has good prognostic value.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Oct 2018
ReviewSafety and tolerability of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Significant improvement in survival outcome with the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has been shown in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared with chemotherapy. However, the full spectrum of toxic events of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was not well characterized. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to state the safety profile of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC, and identify the exact incidence and relative risk (RR) of both summary and detailed AEs. ⋯ PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are generally safer and better tolerated than chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC with regard to summary toxic events, detailed toxic symptoms and hematologic toxicities. However, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can generate a unique spectrum of irAEs, and several of them can be severe and even life-threatening. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of these AEs, as they may have a potentially negative impact on the patients' quality of life and survival outcome.
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J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. · Oct 2018
Is there a benefit of lymphadenectomy for overall and recurrence-free survival in type I FIGO IB G1-2 endometrial carcinoma? A retrospective population-based cohort analysis.
The recommended therapy for type I FIGO IB endometrial cancer (EC) is hysterectomy and adnexectomy, but the therapeutic benefits of additional pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection (LND) are still under discussion. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated overall survival (OAS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) among patients with type I FIGO IB EC who did undergo systematic or elective lymphadenectomy or none at all. ⋯ In contrast to previous observations in high-grade EC, our study provides compelling evidence that LND, in particular systematic lymphadenectomy, is not beneficial for patients with type I FIGO IB EC in terms of long-term OAS and RFS.