Digestive diseases and sciences
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Effectiveness of the J-Tip Guidewire for Selective Biliary Cannulation Compared to Conventional Guidewires (The JANGLE Study).
Wire-guided cannulation has become a common biliary cannulation technique worldwide. Different guidewires with various tip shapes and materials have been reportedly used for wire-guided cannulation. However, there are apparently no studies reporting changes in the biliary cannulation rate according to the type of guidewire used. ⋯ The biliary cannulation rate of the J-tip guidewire was not significantly different from those of standard guidewires.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are growing in prevalence in the USA. Existing data on the relationship between OSA and NAFLD are conflicting and limited by the use of various histologic definitions of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Using a robust definition of NASH in a large, well-characterized cohort, we sought to evaluate whether OSA was associated with NASH and advanced fibrosis. ⋯ OSA is associated with elevated aminotransferase levels, the presence of NASH, and advanced NASH histology. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of OSA treatment on NASH.
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Worldwide Burden of Gastric Cancer Attributable to Tobacco Smoking in 2012 and Predictions for 2020.
The heterogeneous patterns and trends in tobacco consumption contribute to regional and gender differences in the burden of gastric cancer attributable to smoking. ⋯ Smoking accounts for a larger number of gastric cancer cases among men, and gender differences are expected to increase in the next decade, despite the decrease in PAFs. Intensified efforts to control smoking are needed to further reduce the burden of gastric cancer.
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Recent data have suggested that rectal indomethacin can also reduce the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic rectal indomethacin with PD stenting would reduce the incidence and severity of PEP compared to PD stenting alone in patients undergoing manometry for suspected SOD type 3. ⋯ In patients with suspected SOD type 3, prophylactic rectally administered indomethacin with PD stenting was not observed to affect the incidence or severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis when compared to PD stenting alone.
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Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary complication observed in patients with chronic liver disease and/or portal hypertension, attributable to an intrapulmonary vascular dilatation that may induce severe hypoxemia. Microvascular dilation and angiogenesis in the lung have been identified as pathologic features that drive gas exchange abnormalities in experimental HPS. Pulse oximetry is a useful screening test for HPS, which can guide subsequent use of arterial blood gases. ⋯ The presence of HPS increases mortality and impairs quality of life, but is reversible with liver transplantation. No medical therapy is established as effective for HPS. At the present time, liver transplantation is the only available treatment for HPS.