International ophthalmology
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To evaluate the accuracy of 12 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations: Barrett Universal II, EVO, Haigis, Hill-RBF version 2.0, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Kane, Olsen, SRK/T, Super Formula and T2. ⋯ The Kane formula was the most accurate formula for the overall analysis. The Holladay 1 calculation was most accurate for short-AL cases, whereas the Barrett Universal II was superior for long-AL eyes.
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The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared by the World Health Organization a global pandemic. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been largely adopted in the clinical setting for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, their known retinal toxicity has raised some safety concerns, especially considering the higher-dosage employed for COVID-19 patients as compared with their suggested posology for their usual indications, including systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will discuss the optimal dosages recommended for COVID-19 patients when treated with HCQ and CQ. ⋯ A possible future clinical perspective for patients with COVID-19 treated with HCQ/CQ could reside in the multidisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists monitoring the risk of HCQ/CQ-related retinal toxicity and those physicians treating COVID-19 infection.
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Several studies have reported conflicting results on ocular manifestations and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, belongs to the coronavirus family, the seventh recognized as a human pathogen and the third causing a severe clinical syndrome. COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, similar to the other human coronaviruses. Comparing the relation between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-Cov-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye may contribute to determining their actual eye-tissue tropism and risk of ocular transmission. ⋯ Data aggregation for coronaviruses shows a relatively low eye-tissue tropism. Conjunctival congestion is an uncommon manifestation of COVID-19 similar to all human coronaviruses' infections. In a low percentage of patients, the virus can be excreted in ocular fluids at different stages of the infection, regardless of positive SARS-Cov-2 throat swab. Albeit high viral loads in ocular tissue seem to have relatively low prevalence, the eye should be regarded as a potential source of infection dissemination for COVID-19.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluating the effectiveness of localized sub-Tenon's anesthesia in 23-gauge vitreoretinal surgery.
To evaluate the effectiveness of localized sub-Tenon's anesthesia for pain control during 23-gauge vitreoretinal surgery. ⋯ Localized sub-Tenon's anesthesia is as effective as retrobulbar anesthesia in many steps of vitreoretinal surgery for providing pain control. It can be considered an alternative form of local anesthesia.
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To evaluate the preliminary effects of treating the half of high latent hyperopia on refractive and visual outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in young subjects with hyperopia. ⋯ At the 6-month visit after treating the half of > 1D latent hyperopia with femtosecond LASIK, refractive and visual outcomes like MRSE, UDVA, subjective visual parameters, and quality of vision scores become similar to those obtained in ≤ 1D latent hyperopia.