Journal of affective disorders
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Different types of adverse events may have general or specific effects on depression and anxiety symptomatology. We examined the effects of adversities on the dimensions of the tripartite model: general distress, anhedonic depression and anxious arousal. ⋯ Distinct childhood traumas had different effects on the symptom dimensions, whereas most recent adult life events were associated with all three symptom dimensions. Our observations help to understand the often reported associations of these adversities with depressive and anxiety symptomatology. In addition, symptom dimensions of the tripartite model were shown to capture effects of adverse events on top of those captured by diagnostic categories.
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Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder and a leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. Prevalence and risk factors of BPD have not been well studied in multi-ethnic Asian populations. The study aimed to establish the prevalence of BPD and examine the associated socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, severity, impairment and treatment contact in the Singapore resident population. ⋯ The high comorbidity, clinical severity, and role impairment associated with BPD exert a heavy toll at an individual and societal level.