Journal of affective disorders
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This is a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled-placebo trials (RCTs) examining the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of intranasal esketamine in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). ⋯ Intranasal esketamine appears to have an ultra-rapid antidepressant effect for MDD, at least lasting for 28 days. The long-term therapeutic effect and safety of intranasal esketamine need to be further examined in large-scale RCTs.
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This study aimed to investigate the association between traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and the risk of affective and other psychiatric disorders, and the role of the rehabilitation therapies. ⋯ TSCI was associated with the risk of affective and other psychiatric disorders, and rehabilitation therapies were associated with a lowered risk of these in the TSCI cohort.
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Psychological distress increases mortality risk; there is little knowledge about its prevelance and contributory factors in older populations. ⋯ Nutritional factors, immigration status, social, and health-related problems are strongly associated with psychological distress among midlife and older adults.
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Individuals exposed to trauma, especially those who develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are at a higher risk of suffering from chronic pain as well as altered pain perception and modulation. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes are yet to be established. Recent findings have indicated that trauma survivors tend to personify chronic pain that is developed after the exposure, in a way that resonates with the traumatic experience. The aim of this study was to test whether pain personification plays a significant role in explaining the long-term links between trauma, PTSD and pain. ⋯ These findings point to the effect of trauma on the subjective orientation towards bodily signals as a key factor in dysfunctional pain modulation.
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Depression is a serious problem among military personnel returning from combat deployments, and is related to a range of adverse outcomes including alcohol and drug abuse, family violence and suicide. The present study explores how psychological hardiness, avoidance coping, and combat stress exposure may influence depression in U.S. Army soldiers returning from a one-year deployment to Afghanistan. ⋯ Depression and related problems among combat veterans may be diminished by applying training programs and policies aimed at increasing hardiness attitudes and active coping skills.