The Journal of infection
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Immunocompromised children have a higher risk of developing infections and associated higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Although this group could benefit the most from vaccine administration, specific considerations regarding immunisations are required. This review is a summary of the vaccines that are relevant to the immunocompromised host, covering both live and non-live vaccines. The burden of disease, safety, immunogenicity/effectiveness and specific recommendations for each vaccine are described as well as specific guidelines from different organisations.
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The Journal of infection · Jul 2016
Preventing cervical cancer and genital warts - How much protection is enough for HPV vaccines?
HPV associated disease is a global health problem: 5.2% of all cancers are HPV associated with HPV 16 and 18 accounting for 70% of cases of cervical cancer. Genital warts caused by HPV 6 and 11 have a lifetime risk of acquisition of 10%. HPV vaccines are subunit vaccines consisting of virus like particles comprised of the L1 major capsid protein. ⋯ Population effectiveness is now being demonstrated for these vaccines in countries with high vaccine coverage. HPV vaccines are highly immunogenic and effective and the original 3 dose schedules have already been reduced, for those 14 years and under, to 2 for both licenced vaccines. There is preliminary evidence that 1 dose of vaccine is as effective as 2 or 3 in preventing persistent HPV infection in the cervix in young women and further reductions in dosage may be possible if supported by appropriate virological, immunological and modelling studies.