Journal of epidemiology and community health
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Sep 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyIs universal prevention against youths' substance misuse really universal? Gender-specific effects in the EU-Dap school-based prevention trial.
Studies of effectiveness of school-based prevention of substance misuse have generally overlooked gender differences. The purpose of this work was to analyse gender differences in the effectiveness of a new European school-based curriculum for prevention of substance misuse among adolescents. ⋯ Comprehensive social influence school curricula against substance misuse in adolescence may perform differently among girls and boys, owing to developmental and personality factors.
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Sep 2009
Black-white differences in avoidable mortality in the USA, 1980-2005.
Avoidable Mortality (AM) describes causes of death that should not occur in the presence of high-quality and timely medical treatment and from causes that can be influenced at least in part by public policy/behaviour. This study analyses black-white disparities in AM. ⋯ There is considerable potential for narrowing of the black-white difference in AM, especially from causes amenable to medical care and (for men) policy/behaviour interventions.
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Sep 2009
ReviewThe policies-inequality feedback and health: the case of globalisation.
Major research contributions aimed at explaining the association between economic inequality and health have concentrated on the plausibility of the material deprivation and psychosocial factors pathways. However, little work has analysed the reciprocal associations between public policies and inequality and their effect on health. ⋯ Public policies and economic inequality are inextricably interrelated and can affect health through multiple, indirect, reciprocal pathways.