Annals of emergency medicine
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Plasma catecholamine levels after intraosseous epinephrine administration in a cardiac arrest model.
To measure plasma catecholamine levels and the cardiovascular response after administering epinephrine by the intraosseous (IO) route in an animal cardiac arrest model. ⋯ IO epinephrine is rapidly transported to the central circulation but requires larger than currently recommended doses to produce a significant change in blood pressure.
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To examine the validity of a disposable, colorimetric end-tidal CO2 detector in verifying endotracheal tube (ETT) placement in infants and children. ⋯ The detector accurately identifies ETT position in children with spontaneous circulation who weigh more than 2 kg. During CPR, a positive test correctly indicates that the ETT is in the airway, but a negative result (suggesting esophageal placement) requires an alternate means of confirming ETT position.
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Review Case Reports
Retrograde intubation of the pharynx: an unusual complication of emergency cricothyrotomy.
Retrograde, translaryngeal intubation of the pharynx, a previously unreported and potentially fatal complication of emergency cricothyrotomy, is described. Methods of avoiding this complication are discussed. Reports in the literature of related technical errors following successful surgical incision of the cricothyroid membrane are discussed.