Annals of emergency medicine
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Comparative Study
Effect of standard-dose versus high-dose epinephrine on myocardial high-energy phosphates during ventricular fibrillation and closed-chest CPR.
To evaluate the effects of standard-dose versus high-dose epinephrine on myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism during resuscitation from cardiac arrest. ⋯ High-dose epinephrine does not deplete myocardial high-energy phosphate when given in this model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation. High-dose epinephrine increases coronary perfusion pressure compared with standard-dose epinephrine. High-dose epinephrine administration repletes phosphocreatine during closed-chest CPR, thereby increasing myocardial energy stores.
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Hydrofluoric acid is used for different purposes in industry and in the home as a rust remover. Most exposures are accidental and may result in severe superficial and deep tissue injury as well as systemic toxicity. ⋯ A patient in whom a solution of 49% hydrofluoric acid induced a large corneal erosion is described. Repeated instillation of 1% calcium gluconate eye drops combined with the conventional treatment of acid eye burns resulted in a complete and quick recovery.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Double-blinded comparison of diphenhydramine versus lidocaine as a local anesthetic.
To evaluate the efficacy, onset of action, duration of action, and side effects of 1% diphenhydramine compared with 1% lidocaine when used as a local anesthetic agent. ⋯ The duration of local anesthesia for 1% lidocaine was significantly longer and the depth of anesthesia after 30 minutes was significantly higher than that of 1% diphenhydramine. Diphenhydramine resulted in skin necrosis in one test subject.