Annals of emergency medicine
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To determine how frequently oral contrast medium (OC) is essential for computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of blunt intraabdominal injury and to quantify the delay associated with OC administration and the incidence of adverse effects. ⋯ OC is rarely essential for CT diagnosis of intraabdominal injury. It may improve sensitivity for pancreatic injury, but it does not help identify injuries requiring surgical treatment. Even with OC, CT is insensitive for intestinal injury. Vomiting and aspiration are significant risks. Use of OC adds a significant amount of time to ED evaluation. Adverse effects of OC administration, in this setting, may outweigh its benefits.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
High-dose hydrocortisone hemisuccinate in scorpion envenomation.
Scorpion envenomation is a common life-threatening hazard in tropical and subtropical countries. Standard treatment is not clearly defined. Many therapies, such as steroids, are prescribed without experimental justification. We sought to assess the efficacy of systematic administration of intravenous hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (50 mg/kg) in scorpion envenomation. ⋯ Our findings do not support the use of intravenous high-dose steroids in scorpion-envenomated patients. The discontinuation of this practice would reduce costs substantially.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Description and evaluation of the vallecula sign: a new radiologic sign in the diagnosis of adult epiglottitis.
To describe and prospectively evaluate a new radiologic sign with the potential to increase the diagnostic accuracy of soft-tissue radiography of the neck in the identification of adult epiglottitis. ⋯ We have described a new radiographic sign that improves the diagnostic accuracy of soft-tissue radiography of the neck. If reproduced in prospective studies, the absence of the vallecula sign on radiography might obviate the need for routine use of direct visualization as an initial screen.
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To determine the frequency of utilization, yield for brain injury, incidence of missed injury, and variation in the use of computed tomography (CT) for ED patients with minor head injury. ⋯ There was considerable variation among institutions and individual physicians in the ordering of CT for patients with minor head injury. Although emergency physicians were selective when ordering CT, the yield of radiography was very low at all hospitals. None of the cases of "missed" intracranial hematoma came from the lowest ordering institutions, indicating that patients may be managed safely with a selective approach to CT use. These findings suggest great potential for more standardized and efficient use of CT of the head, possibly through the use of a clinical decision rule.
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To determine the epidemiology of unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the factors associated with survival after resuscitation using the Utstein style data collection. ⋯ This survey shows that survival after unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is unlikely with an initial response of basic life support alone. Withdrawal of resuscitation should be considered if an adult victim of unwitnessed cardiac arrest is found in asystole and the arrest is of obvious cardiac origin.