Annals of emergency medicine
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The Essonne region of France is situated to the south of Paris. A population of more than 1 million, heavy commercial traffic, and industrial centers mandate first-rate prehospital and hospital emergency medicine. Medical education in France comprises 3 years of basic medical science, followed by 3 years of hospital rotations and a residency of variable length. ⋯ A two-tiered system of BLS ambulances run by the fire department and ALS ambulances run by hospitals provide 24-hour emergency coverage. Because of aggressive triage, only 65% of requests for service result in dispatch of an ambulance. Tasks for physicians involved in emergency medicine in France today include further development of firemen's medical skills, development and use of telemedicine, and accreditation of emergency medicine as a recognized specialty.
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[Committee on Pediatric Equipment and Supplies for Emergency Departments, National Emergency Medical Services for Children Resource Alliance: Guidelines for pediatric equipment and supplies for emergency departments. Ann Emerg Med January 1998;31: 54-57.].
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Recovery from prolonged cold water submersion is well documented in children but rare in adults. In the few adult cases reported, significant body cooling occurred (rectal temperature ranging from 22 degrees to 32 degrees C) and the victims were relatively young (< 40 years). We report a case of a 62-year-old man who was submersed in 2 degrees to 3 degrees C water for 15 minutes (time from initial submersion to intubation = 22 minutes). ⋯ The patient was resuscitated, rewarmed by forced-air warming, and treated for acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, and generalized seizures. He was discharged after 27 days with minor neurologic abnormalities. Given the near-normal initial rectal temperature, preferential brain cooling may have been at least partially responsible for the positive neurologic outcome.
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See related articles [Edlich RF: Tissue adhesives-revisited. Ann Emerg Med January 1998;31:106-107.].
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Review Comparative Study
Failure of adjunctive bicarbonate to improve outcome in severe pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis.
Although adjunctive intravenous bicarbonate therapy is commonly recommended for children with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), no studies assessing clinical outcome with this therapy have ever been performed. Our objective was to determine whether bicarbonate therapy influenced outcome for pediatric DKA. ⋯ We found no evidence that adjunctive bicarbonate improved clinical outcome in children with severe DKA. The rate of metabolic recovery and complications were similar in patients treated with and without bicarbonate, and prolonged hospitalizations were noted in the bicarbonate group. We conclude that adjunctive bicarbonate is unnecessary and potentially disadvantageous in severe pediatric DKA.