Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
End-tidal carbon dioxide during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: comparison of active compression-decompression and standard CPR.
To compare the maximal end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (ETCO2 peak) values obtained during standard (S-CPR) and active compression-decompression CPR (ACD-CPR) during prolonged resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. ⋯ This prospective study suggests that ACD-CPR may improve cardiac output compared with S-CPR.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Nasal versus oral midazolam for sedation of anxious children undergoing laceration repair.
To compare the efficacy and safety of a single dose of midazolam, as an oral solution of 0.5 mg/kg, or nasal drops of 0.25 mg/kg, in children undergoing emergency department laceration repair. ⋯ A single dose of oral or nasal midazolam results in reduced anxiety and few complications in selected children undergoing laceration repair in the ED. The oral route was associated with fewer administration problems.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Efficacy of rectal midazolam for the sedation of preschool children undergoing laceration repair.
To determine the efficacy of rectal midazolam as sedation for laceration repair in preschool children in the pediatric emergency department. ⋯ Rectal midazolam is an effective method of sedation for facilitating uncomplicated laceration repair in preschool children. However, physicians must be aware of the possibility of paradoxical reactions when using midazolam in children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of intranasal sufentanil and midazolam to intramuscular meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine for conscious sedation in children.
To compare intranasal sufentanil and midazolam (IN-SM) with intramuscular meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine (IM-MPC) for sedation in children. ⋯ IN-SM is as effective as IM-MPC for sedation in children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of placement of the laryngeal mask airway with endotracheal tube by paramedics and respiratory therapists.
To determine the learning curve of nonphysician emergency personnel on placement of the laryngeal mask airway as compared to performance of endotracheal intubation. ⋯ The techniques were timed from the point at which the participant touched the patient to the time they were able to effectively ventilate the patient. Participants also were asked to rate the difficulty of each technique on a 100-mm visual analog score. Failure (three attempts without successful ventilation) rates also were monitored. The mean time to ventilate successfully with the laryngeal mask airway was significantly less than that with the endotracheal tube (38.9 +/- 1.9 seconds versus 206.1 +/- 31.9 seconds, P < .0001). The average number of attempts was 1.0 +/- 0.0 for the laryngeal mask airway and 2.22 +/- 0.21 for the endotracheal tube (P < .01). No one failed to place the laryngeal mask airway; and ten of 19 (52.6%, P < .01) failed to perform endotracheal intubation. The endotracheal tube had a significantly higher rating of difficulty than did the laryngeal mask airway (67.3 versus 8.64, P < .0001).