International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Jun 2016
Endotracheal tubes and the cricoid: Is there a good fit?
Choosing an appropriately sized endotracheal tube (ETT) is important in pediatric patients as an inappropriately sized ETT may result in multiple endotracheal intubation attempts or excessive pressure on the tracheal mucosa with the potential for airway damage. Although age-based formulas are generally used with choice of an ETT based on the internal diameter (ID), measurements of the outer diameter (OD) of the ETT would seem to be a more scientific approach to determine the proper size of an ETT. However, the variable OD of the ETT despite the same ID makes the selection of a proper sized ETT more difficult. The current study compares airway dimensions measured using computed tomography (CT) with the OD of ETTs from various manufacturers. ⋯ When choosing an ETT, age-based formulas which use the ID may not be uniformly accurate in ensuring the appropriately-sized ETT given the variation in the OD despite the same ID. These issues further support the use of cuffed ETTs as the variation in fit can be adjusted by inflation of the cuff to provide an adequate tracheal seal.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Jun 2016
Evaluation of the protective effects of hesperetin against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in a rat animal model.
We aimed to investigate the effects of hesperetin as a flavanon both histopathologically and immunohistochemically on cochlear apoptosis in a rat model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity (CIO). The evaluation of the effects of hesperetin on cisplatin-induced hearing loss was performed using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). ⋯ Hesperetin may prevent ototoxicity by increased antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidant parameters and protected against apoptosis resulting from a proliferation of cochlear cells in CIO.
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Temporal bone fractures are relatively common findings in patients with head trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of temporal bone fractures in the pediatric population. ⋯ In children, fractures of the temporal bone were most often caused by motor vehicle accidents and falls. It is common for these patients to have associated fractures.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Apr 2016
Novel compound heterozygous mutations in MYO7A gene associated with autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss in a Chinese family.
Mutations in MYO7A gene have been reported to be associated with Usher Syndrome type 1B (USH1B) and nonsyndromic hearing loss (DFNB2, DFNA11). Most mutations in MYO7A gene caused USH1B, whereas only a few reported mutations led to DFNB2 and DFNA11. The current study was designed to investigate the mutations among a Chinese family with autosomal recessive hearing loss. ⋯ The novel compound heterozygous mutations (c.3671C>A and c.390_391insC) in MYO7A gene identified in this study were responsible for the autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss of this Chinese family.
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Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. · Apr 2016
Bedside tests to predict laryngoscopic difficulty in pediatric patients.
Pediatric airway management is a priority during anesthesia, critical care and emergency medicine. The purpose of this study is to validate bedside tests that predict airway management difficulty in anesthetized children. ⋯ This study confirms that the FPCD and the FPCD/weight ratio are the most consistent predictors of laryngoscopic difficulty in pediatric patients. For patients over 6 months of age, the IID also correlated with laryngoscopic difficulty. For children who were capable of obeying simple orders, the Mallampati test correlated better with laryngoscopic difficulty than did the Mallampati test with phonation. Our results strongly suggest that skilled professionals should perform airway management in children, especially in patients with a high FPCD or a high FPCD/weight ratio.