Medicine and science in sports and exercise
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Nov 2015
Meta AnalysisOptimizing Cold Water Immersion for Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia: A Meta-analysis.
Cold water immersion (CWI) provides rapid cooling in events of exertional heat stroke. Optimal procedures for CWI in the field are not well established. This meta-analysis aimed to provide structured analysis of the effectiveness of CWI on the cooling rate in healthy adults subjected to exercise-induced hyperthermia. ⋯ An optimal procedure for yielding high cooling rates is proposed. Using prompt vigorous CWI should be encouraged for treating exercise-induced hyperthermia whenever possible, using cold water temperature (approximately 10°C) and maximizing body surface contact (whole-body immersion).
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Nov 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialInhomogeneous Quadriceps Femoris Hypertrophy in Response to Strength and Power Training.
Previous studies have reported inhomogeneous changes in quadriceps femoris (QF) cross-sectional area (CSA) in response to strength training. It is assumed that these differential changes in muscle shape influence the muscle's functional capacity during high-force and high-power movements. The purpose of the current study was to compare intermuscular and intramuscular QF adaptations to high-load strength training and fast-speed power training. ⋯ These observed inhomogeneous changes in CSA may alter the thigh's moment of inertia and moment arms of muscle "compartments," and the influence of elastic component force transmission on the muscular force expression. Such selective hypertrophy is speculated to be biomechanically beneficial to high-force or high-power movements used in training.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Nov 2015
Pain Response after Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Adolescents across Weight Status.
Pain reports are greater with increasing weight status, and exercise can reduce pain perception. It is unknown, however, whether exercise can relieve pain in adolescents of varying weight status. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adolescents across weight status report pain relief after high-intensity aerobic exercise (exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH)). ⋯ This study is the first to establish that both overweight and normal-weight adolescents experience EIH. EIH after high-intensity aerobic exercise was robust in adolescents regardless of weight status and not influenced by physical fitness.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Nov 2015
Concussion Frequency Associates with Musculoskeletal Injury in Retired NFL Players.
Concussion is commonly associated with immediate and persistent alterations in motor function affecting postural control and gait. Patients with lower extremity joint injury have demonstrated functional alterations in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that musculoskeletal injury may be linked to alterations in brain function. Therefore, we examined the associations between concussion frequency and lower extremity musculoskeletal injury sustained during professional careers of National Football League (NFL) players in a cross-sectional study. ⋯ A history of concussions was associated with a history of musculoskeletal injuries during NFL careers. These data suggest that a higher number of concussions is linked with higher odds of reporting a musculoskeletal injury.