Medicine and science in sports and exercise
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Jan 2008
Impaired systemic oxygen extraction at maximum exercise in pulmonary hypertension.
To determine the relative contributions of the Fick principle variables to impaired exercise tolerance in pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with pulmonary venous hypertension. ⋯ Maximum systemic oxygen extraction is impaired in pulmonary arterial versus pulmonary venous hypertension and contributes to the exercise limit.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Jan 2008
Seven intermittent exposures to altitude improves exercise performance at 4300 m.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether seven intermittent altitude exposures (IAE), in combination with either rest or exercise training, improves time-trial exercise performance and induces physiologic adaptations consistent with chronic altitude adaptation at 4300 m. ⋯ Our findings indicate that 7 d of IAE, in combination with either rest or exercise training, improves time-trial cycle exercise performance and induces physiologic adaptations during constant-work rate exercise consistent with chronic altitude adaptation at 4300 m.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Dec 2007
Case ReportsDelayed union of a scapular fracture-an unusual cause of persistent shoulder pain.
Scapular fractures in athletes are rare, although they have been reported in football and baseball players. Most scapular fractures heal with nonoperative management; delayed union is rarely a problem. ⋯ Although scapular fractures in athletes are rare, they may occur, particularly in "contact sports" that share the energies of injury seen in high-speed motor vehicle collisions. Early identification and proper management are integral to decrease symptoms and to avoid protracted disability, particularly in athletes.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Oct 2007
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad.
The female athlete triad (Triad) refers to the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density, which may have clinical manifestations including eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. With proper nutrition, these same relationships promote robust health. Athletes are distributed along a spectrum between health and disease, and those at the pathological end may not exhibit all these clinical conditions simultaneously. ⋯ Nutrition counseling and monitoring are sufficient interventions for many athletes, but eating disorders warrant psychotherapy. Athletes with eating disorders should be required to meet established criteria to continue exercising, and their training and competition may need to be modified. No pharmacological agent adequately restores bone loss or corrects metabolic abnormalities that impair health and performance in athletes with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Sep 2007
Short-term exercise does not increase ER stress protein expression in cardiac muscle.
Both short-term (three to five consecutive days) and long-term (weeks to months) endurance exercise training provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury. However, the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardioprotection are not well understood. Emerging evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) damage contributes to IR-induced myocardial injury. It follows that exercise-induced expression of ER stress proteins could serve as the mediators of exercise-induced cardioprotection against IR injury. Hence, these experiments tested the hypothesis that exercise training is associated with an increase in ER stress proteins in the heart. ⋯ These data reveal that short-term exercise training does not elevate ER stress proteins in the heart. Hence, the cardioprotective effect of short-term exercise training does not seem to be linked to ER stress adaptation.