Medicine and science in sports and exercise
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Dec 2018
Sport and Triad Risk Factors Influence Bone Mineral Density in Collegiate Athletes.
Athletes in weight-bearing sports may benefit from higher bone mineral density (BMD). However, some athletes are at risk for impaired BMD with female athlete triad (Triad). The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of sports participation and Triad on BMD. We hypothesize that athletes in high-impact and multidirectional loading sports will have highest BMD, whereas nonimpact and low-impact sports will have lowest BMD. Triad risk factors are expected to reduce BMD values independent of sports participation. ⋯ Both sport type and Triad risk factors influence BMD. Athletes in low-impact and nonimpact sports and athletes with low BMI and oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea are at highest risk for reduced BMD.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Dec 2018
Acute High-Intensity Exercise Impairs Skeletal Muscle Respiratory Capacity.
The effect of an acute bout of exercise, especially high-intensity exercise, on the function of mitochondrial respiratory complexes is not well understood, with potential implications for both the healthy population and patients undergoing exercise-based rehabilitation. Therefore, this study sought to comprehensively examine respiratory flux through the different complexes of the electron transport chain in skeletal muscle mitochondria before and immediately after high-intensity aerobic exercise. ⋯ These findings reveal that acute high-intensity aerobic exercise significantly inhibits skeletal muscle state 3CII and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. This, likely transient, mitochondrial defect might amplify the exercise-induced development of fatigue and play an important role in initiating exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Oct 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialHigh-Intensity Interval or Continuous Moderate Exercise: A 24-Week Pilot Trial.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may lead to superior cardiometabolic improvements when compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). However, adherence to HIIT requires examination. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) adherence 24 wk after a brief counseling intervention combined with either HIIT or MICT. ⋯ This pilot intervention was successful in increasing, and maintaining, free-living MVPA over a 24-wk period in individuals at high risk of T2D. Speculation that HIIT is inappropriate or unattainable for overweight individuals at high risk of T2D may be unfounded.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Oct 2018
Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Oxygen Saturation during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.
Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) is used as surrogate for arterial blood oxygen saturation. We studied the degree of discrepancy between SpO2 and arterial oxygen (SaO2) and identified parameters that may explain this difference. ⋯ In the present study, pulse oximetry commonly overestimated the SaO2. Increased carboxyhemoglobin levels are independently associated with the difference between SpO2 and SaO2, a finding particularly relevant in smokers.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Oct 2018
Physical Activity Levels Predict Exercise-induced Hypoalgesia in Older Adults.
Prior research indicates that older adults exhibit a deficient capacity to activate multiple pain inhibitory mechanisms, including pain inhibition after acute exercise termed exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The influence of physical activity levels and psychological processes on EIH in older adults remains unclear.