Medicine and science in sports and exercise
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Feb 2005
Comparative StudyThe female athlete triad: are elite athletes at increased risk?
The aim of this study was to examine the percentage of elite athletes and controls at risk of the female athlete triad. ⋯ More athletes competing in leanness sports and more non-athlete controls were classified as being at risk of the Triad compared with athletes competing in non-leanness sports.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Jan 2005
Comparative StudyThe effects of continuous hot weather training on risk of exertional heat illness.
To determine whether cumulative daily average wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index, over one or two preceding days, is a better measure for predicting cases of exertional heat illness (EHI) than current daily average WBGT, which is the standard heat index used by the Marine Corps; and to identify the most accurate index of heat stress to prevent and predict future cases of EHI. ⋯ Our results provide evidence for a cumulative effect of previous day's heat exposure on EHI risk in these Marine Corps recruits. A simple index for use in predicting EHI risk is proposed that includes the dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Jan 2005
Clinical TrialLimb muscle dysfunction in COPD: effects of muscle wasting and exercise training.
Lower-limb muscle weakness has often been reported in COPD, and contributes to exercise intolerance. Controversial information is available regarding upper-limb muscle adaptations and the influence of muscle wasting on muscle weakness. We investigated leg and arm muscle function in 59 stable COPD patients (GOLD stage III) with preserved fat-free mass (FFM) and in 28 patients with reduced FFM relative to age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects and studied the effects of 8 wk of whole-body exercise training. ⋯ Lower- and upper-limb muscle dysfunction was observed in COPD patients, irrespective of the presence of FFM depletion. Generalized muscle weakness suggests systemic muscular involvement, although the preserved arm endurance and the poor response of arm performance to exercise training is indicative for intrinsic differences in muscular adaptations between leg and arm muscles.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of FIO2 on oxidative stress during interval training at moderate altitude.
To evaluate the effect of different fractions of inspired oxygen (FIO2) on oxidative stress during a high-intensity interval workout in trained endurance athletes residing at altitude. ⋯ Supplemental oxygen used in conjunction with high-intensity interval training at altitude ("live high + train low via supplemental O2" (LH + TLO2)) results in a significant improvement in exercise performance without inducing additional free radical oxidative stress as reflected in hematological and urinary biomarkers.
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Med Sci Sports Exerc · Oct 2004
Review Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of aerobic exercise in adults living with HIV/AIDS: systematic review.
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness and safety of aerobic exercise interventions on immunological/virological, cardiopulmonary, and psychological outcomes in adults living with HIV/AIDS. ⋯ In conclusion, performing constant or interval aerobic exercise, or a combination of constant aerobic exercise and progressive resistive exercise for at least 20 min, at least three times per week for 4 wk may be beneficial and appears to be safe for adults living with HIV/AIDS. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to small sample sizes and large dropout rates within the included studies. Future research would benefit from increased attention to participant follow-up and intention-to-treat analysis.