Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2016
Sexual orientation disparities in smoking vary by sex and household smoking among US adults: Findings from the 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
This study examined whether sexual orientation-related smoking disparities in males and females varied by household smoking behaviors in a nationally representative sample of American adults. ⋯ Future research is warranted to examine characteristics of households, including smoking behaviors and composition, to guide more effective and tailored smoking cessation interventions for males and females by sexual orientation.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2016
Observational StudyEffects of clustering of multiple lifestyle-related behaviors on blood pressure in adolescents from two observational studies.
Several lifestyle-related behaviors are associated with cardiovascular health outcomes in adolescents. To examine the associations between clustered lifestyle-related behaviors and blood pressure (BP) levels in adolescents. ⋯ The Healthy Eating cluster was associated with lower blood pressure, whereas the Unhealthy Eating cluster was associated with increased SBP in adolescents.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2016
Comparative StudyPost-nuclear disaster evacuation and survival amongst elderly people in Fukushima: A comparative analysis between evacuees and non-evacuees.
Considering the health impacts of evacuation is fundamental to disaster planning especially for vulnerable elderly populations; however, evacuation-related mortality risks have not been well-investigated. We conducted an analysis to compare survival of evacuated and non-evacuated residents of elderly care facilities, following the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant incident on 11th March 2011. ⋯ The government should consider updating its requirements for emergency planning for elderly facilities and ensure that, in a disaster setting, these facilities have the capacity and support to shelter in place for at least sufficient time to adequately prepare initial evacuation.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2016
Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: Does restaurant mix matter?
Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as a means of promoting healthy weights. ⋯ Policies aiming to promote healthy weights that target the volume of certain retail food outlets in residential settings may be more effective if they also consider the relative share of outlets serving more and less healthful foods.