Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Gender identity and activity limitations: A national study on transgender and non-binary Canadians.
Activity limitations among transgender and non-binary individuals remain largely unexplored using population-based samples. This study examines the risk of activity limitations across different gender identities in Canada. ⋯ Non-binary and transgender individuals are most at risk for activity limitations. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies to address challenges faced by gender-diverse populations. Future research should investigate the mechanisms behind these disparities. Healthcare policies must prioritize culturally competent, transgender-inclusive care to reduce disparities in activity limitations.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Long working hours and cardiovascular disease mortality: Prospective evidence from the United States.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.). This study aimed to explore prospective associations between long working hours with CVD mortality using a large, national study in the U.S. ⋯ Long working hours are a significant risk factor for CVD mortality in this national sample of U.S. workers, and participants with low socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to the effects of long working hours on CVD deaths. These findings highlight the need for considering working hour interventions in public health strategies to improve cardiovascular health outcomes in the workforce.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Exploring the determinants to accept dementia screening among patients at high risk of dementia based on the theory of planned behavior: A cross-sectional study.
Dementia represents a major public health challenge. Despite numerous initiatives promoting screening for early cognitive impairment to help prevent or delay its onset, participation remains limited. Moreover, there is limited evidence regarding screening intentions and predictors among populations at high risk of dementia. This study used the theory of planned behavior to identify modifiable factors associated with screening participation. ⋯ PBC, subjective norm, and attitudes are associated with dementia screening willingness among high-risk groups. Healthcare professionals and policymakers should focus on enhancing favorable attitudes toward screening, increasing familial encouragement, and reducing perceived barriers to developing effective prevention or intervention strategies.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
U.S. national trends in cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity in cisgender women.
Changes in up-to-date cervical cancer screening (CCS) over time by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity were estimated to identify trends in screening disparities. ⋯ In 2021 there were approximately 19.72 million women aged 21-65 who were not up-to-date with CCS. 1.76 million LGB women were not up-to-date for CCS, and a greater proportion of these women identified as non-Hispanic Black/African American. CCS must be improved for all cisgender women, and specific attention should be given to those who identify as LGB and/or Black/African American.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2025
Illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults with impairments in the US: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use And Health.
The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to compare the degree to which adolescents and adults with and without impairments in the US engage in illicit drug use. ⋯ Overall, individuals with impairments were more than twice as likely to engage in illicit drug use compared to counterparts. People with impairments were younger, on average, when they first tried any illicit drugs.