Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialOrganized cervical cancer screening: A randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of sending invitation letters.
To evaluate the effect of implementing two modalities of organized Cervical Cancer Screening (CCS) program on screening uptake after a six-month delay. ⋯ The implementation of an organized screening based on an invitation letter resulted in a modest increase in participation among non-adherent women six months later.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialEffectiveness of alcohol warning labels for at-risk groups and the general public: A policy-informing randomized experiment in Chile.
The World Health Organization recommends using health-risk warnings on alcoholic beverages. This study examines the impact of separate or combined warning labels for at-risk groups and the general population on alcohol purchase decisions. ⋯ General cancer risk warnings are more effective at reducing alcohol purchase decisions compared to warning labels for specific groups or labels using multiple warnings. In addition to warning labels, other policies should be considered for addressing well-known alcohol-related risks (e.g., drinking and driving).
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialLower incidence of vaginal cancer after cervical human papillomavirus screening - long-term follow-up of Finnish randomized screening trial.
Around 70% of vaginal cancers and 40-50% of vulvar cancers are attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV). Globally the burden of these diseases is estimated to grow due to the increasing HPV prevalence and rapidly aging global population. We aimed to examine if HPV screening for cervical cancer has an additional beneficial effect in preventing vaginal and vulvar cancers. To assess this, we used long-term follow-up data from the Finnish randomized HPV screening trial. ⋯ We found lower incidence of vaginal cancers with HPV screening compared to cytology screening. To validate our results, we recommend analyzing data on vaginal and vulvar cancers also from other HPV screening studies.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialReducing perceived barriers to scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution and medications for opioid use disorder in the United States in the HEALing (helping end addiction long-term®) communities study.
Scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is needed to reduce opioid overdose deaths, but barriers are pervasive. This study examines whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention reduced perceived barriers to expanding OEND and MOUD in healthcare/behavioral health, criminal-legal, and other/non-traditional venues. ⋯ The CTH Intervention reduced perceived barriers to scaling up OEND and MOUD in certain venues, with no difference in effectiveness between rural and urban communities. More research is needed to understand facilitators and barriers in different venues.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialEvolution of fruit and vegetable intake among health promotion service participants in a Brazilian metropolis: 48-month follow-up of a randomized controlled community trial.
To assess longitudinal effects of a nutrition intervention on fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among Primary Health Care (PHC) service participants in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. ⋯ At 12 months, a TTM-based intervention increased fruit intake in the overall sample, and fruit and F&V intake among individuals with low baseline intakes. Repeated interventions may be needed over time.