Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Multicenter StudyFirearm violence and associated factors among young adults presenting to emergency departments in three cities: Baseline results from Project SPARK.
Recent shifts in U.S. violence dynamics call for updated violence epidemiology among general emergency department (ED) samples of young adults. Using baseline data from a multi-site longitudinal study of firearm violence prediction, we describe violence rates and associated factors. ⋯ Violence, including firearm assault, is common among young adults entering urban EDs, and is associated with several psychosocial factors. High rates of substance use and mental health symptoms underscore this as a high-need population. Leveraging this information could help tailor interventions and optimize resource allocation.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2024
Multicenter Study"I've been really happy since I got that letter!": Longitudinal patient perspectives on lung cancer screening communication.
Experts recommend structured shared decision making when discussing lung cancer screening (LCS) and reporting low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) results. We examined patients' reactions to pre- and post-LDCT results communication processes at three medical centers in the US with established LCS programs. ⋯ Despite receiving guideline discordant decision-making communication, patients seem very satisfied, rarely experience severe distress, and have low decisional regret after LCS decision making and receiving the results of their LDCT.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2024
Multicenter StudyNeck circumference as an additional predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality: A multi-center prospective population-based study in northeastern China.
This study aimed to assess the potential of neck circumference (NC) and neck-to-height ratio (NHR) as predictors of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a general population from Northeastern China. ⋯ NC and NHR might be promising predictors of CVD mortality, with higher values indicating greater risk.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Multicenter Study23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and the risk of renal progression in older patients with chronic kidney disease.
The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) ensures favorable outcomes and reduces the risk of cardiac events in patients on dialysis. However, the effect of PPSV23 vaccination on renal function remains unknown, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we investigated the association between PPSV23 efficacy and renal progression in older patients (age ≥ 75 years) with CKD. ⋯ Our findings support the protective effect of PPSV23 against renal deterioration in older patients with CKD.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2023
Multicenter Study Observational StudyPerformance of a targeted methylation-based multi-cancer early detection test by race and ethnicity.
Disparities in cancer screening and outcomes based on factors such as sex, socioeconomic status, and race and ethnicity in the United States are well documented. A blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test that detects a shared cancer signal across multiple cancer types and also predicts the cancer signal origin was developed and validated in the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas study (CCGA; NCT02889978). CCGA is a prospective, multicenter, case-control, observational study with longitudinal follow-up (overall N = 15,254). ⋯ The sensitivity for cancer signal detection across groups ranged from 43.9% [n = 57; 95% CI: 31.8-56.7%] to 63.0% [n = 192; 95% CI: 56.0-69.5%] and generally increased with clinical stage. The MCED test had consistently high specificity and similar sensitivity across racial and ethnic groups, though results are limited by sample size for some groups. Results support the broad applicability of this MCED test and clinical implementation on a population scale as a complement to standard screening.