Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
Effect of multidimensional lifestyle interventions on metabolic risk reduction in children: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
Few clinical trials have investigated lifestyle intervention effect on metabolic health in children. The study aimed to examine the effect of diet and physical activity intervention on the reduction of clustered metabolic risk score (CMRS) in children and moderators and mediators of the intervention effect. A multicentre, clustered randomised controlled trial was conducted with examination conducted at baseline and after intervention over one year. 7110 children (49.7% girls) with a mean of 9.06 (95% CI: 9.03, 9.09) years were included in the analysis. ⋯ Our multidimensional comprehensive intervention resulted in significant reduction in CMRS in primary school children and this effect was modified by birthweight, parental BMI, and parental involvement. A minority of metabolic risk reduction was mediated through BMI. Clinical Trial Registry number and website: ChiCTR-PRC-09000402, URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
ReviewFactors associated with adolescent HPV vaccination in the U.S.: A systematic review of reviews and multilevel framework to inform intervention development.
Multilevel factors impact HPV vaccine series initiation and completion among adolescents in the U. S. Synthesis of these factors is needed to inform intervention development and to direct future research. ⋯ First, the framework illustrates salient modifiable factors at multiple levels on which to intervene to increase HPV vaccination. Second, the review identified critical gaps in the literature at each level. Future research should link the body of literature on parental intentions to vaccination outcomes, identify provider psychosocial factors associated with recommendation behaviors and subsequent vaccine uptake in their patient population, and understand clinic factors associated with successful implementation of patient- and provider-targeted system-level interventions.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
Prevalence of tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Italy: Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS), 2010, 2014, 2018.
This research aims to study tobacco smoking and vaping among adolescents in Italy through three repeat national cross sectional surveys conducted before (in 2010, 2014) and after (2018) the 2016 introduction of the European Union - Tobacco Product Directive (EU-TPD) and its transposition into Italy, and before Juul entered the Italian market in 2019. Prevalence of smoking and vaping, access to cigarettes and electronic cigarettes in adolescents aged 13-15 years were estimated from the 2010, 2014, and 2018 Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (N = 1587; N = 1428; N = 1518, respectively) conducted in Italy. Prevalence of current smokers and/or current vapers combined, accounting for dual users, non-significantly increased from 20.7% in 2010 to 27.9% in 2018. ⋯ About 65% of current smokers and 76% of current vapers easily accessed to cigarettes or electronic cigarettes in 2018. After 2 years from its implementation in 2016, the EU-TPD does not seem to have slowed down the increase in vaping among Italian adolescents before Juul entered the Italian market. Additional research is needed in order to show a clear association between EU-TPD and changes in vaping and smoking in Italy and in the EU.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
Association between free tobacco product sample receipt and tobacco use in youth and adults in the PATH Study, 2014-2016.
Tobacco companies have distributed free samples of tobacco products in the past. While prior studies have found a relationship between various marketing strategies and tobacco use, no study has assessed the prevalence of free sample receipt or the relationship between receipt and subsequent tobacco use. We analyze three waves of Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data to provide the first nationally representative prevalence estimates of free tobacco product receipt among US youth and adults in 2014 to 2016. ⋯ Receipt of a free ENDS or e-liquid sample was associated with any tobacco and ENDS use status using cross-sectional data in youth and adults. After these data were collected, the US Food and Drug Administration broadened the ban on distributing free samples to include all tobacco products except smokeless tobacco in adult-only facilities. Our findings support limiting free samples to further prevent youth access to tobacco products.
-
Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
ReviewCurrent recommendations on the selection of measures for well-being.
Measures of well-being have proliferated over the past decades. Very little guidance has been available as to which measures to use in what contexts. ⋯ The recommendations are shaped around the number of items that can be included in a survey, and also based on the differing potential contexts and purposes of data collection such as, for example, government surveys, or multi-use cohort studies, or studies specifically about psychological well-being. The recommendations are not intended to be definitive, but to stimulate discussion and refinement, and to provide guidance to those relatively new to the study of well-being.