Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
Adults' attitudes toward raising the minimum age of sale for tobacco products to 21 years, United States, 2014-2017.
Raising the minimum age of sale for tobacco products to 21 years (Tobacco 21) could help prevent and delay tobacco product initiation among youth. This study examined changes in U. S. adults' attitudes toward Tobacco 21 policies during 2014-2017. ⋯ Among U. S. adults, Tobacco 21 favorability has remained high since 2014, coinciding with a period of rapid state and local-level policy adoption. These results could be helpful for states and localities as they work to understand the feasibility of Tobacco 21 policies in their jurisdiction.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
ReviewFactors associated with adolescent HPV vaccination in the U.S.: A systematic review of reviews and multilevel framework to inform intervention development.
Multilevel factors impact HPV vaccine series initiation and completion among adolescents in the U. S. Synthesis of these factors is needed to inform intervention development and to direct future research. ⋯ First, the framework illustrates salient modifiable factors at multiple levels on which to intervene to increase HPV vaccination. Second, the review identified critical gaps in the literature at each level. Future research should link the body of literature on parental intentions to vaccination outcomes, identify provider psychosocial factors associated with recommendation behaviors and subsequent vaccine uptake in their patient population, and understand clinic factors associated with successful implementation of patient- and provider-targeted system-level interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
ReviewCurrent recommendations on the selection of measures for well-being.
Measures of well-being have proliferated over the past decades. Very little guidance has been available as to which measures to use in what contexts. ⋯ The recommendations are shaped around the number of items that can be included in a survey, and also based on the differing potential contexts and purposes of data collection such as, for example, government surveys, or multi-use cohort studies, or studies specifically about psychological well-being. The recommendations are not intended to be definitive, but to stimulate discussion and refinement, and to provide guidance to those relatively new to the study of well-being.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
Prevalence of tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Italy: Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS), 2010, 2014, 2018.
This research aims to study tobacco smoking and vaping among adolescents in Italy through three repeat national cross sectional surveys conducted before (in 2010, 2014) and after (2018) the 2016 introduction of the European Union - Tobacco Product Directive (EU-TPD) and its transposition into Italy, and before Juul entered the Italian market in 2019. Prevalence of smoking and vaping, access to cigarettes and electronic cigarettes in adolescents aged 13-15 years were estimated from the 2010, 2014, and 2018 Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (N = 1587; N = 1428; N = 1518, respectively) conducted in Italy. Prevalence of current smokers and/or current vapers combined, accounting for dual users, non-significantly increased from 20.7% in 2010 to 27.9% in 2018. ⋯ About 65% of current smokers and 76% of current vapers easily accessed to cigarettes or electronic cigarettes in 2018. After 2 years from its implementation in 2016, the EU-TPD does not seem to have slowed down the increase in vaping among Italian adolescents before Juul entered the Italian market. Additional research is needed in order to show a clear association between EU-TPD and changes in vaping and smoking in Italy and in the EU.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2020
Observational StudyPlayground features and physical activity in U.S. neighborhood parks.
All people need to engage in routine physical activity and children require it daily. Playgrounds are settings designed for children to be physically active, yet there has been little research assessing which play elements and structures are associated with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among both youth and adults. We conducted a national study of neighborhood parks with the goal of identifying factors that promote more MVPA. ⋯ Spinning structures and splash pads were associated with more playground use and more MVPA. Playgrounds with signage advertising park programs and on-site restrooms had more person-hours of use, but only half the parks had restrooms and <30% had signage. To address insufficient physical activity, upgrades to playgrounds should include restrooms, structures that support a wide variety of movements, and elements that also encourage adults to be active.