Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental disorders in young adulthood: Latent classes and community violence exposure.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have significant impacts on mental health outcomes. There is a growing interest in expanding the scope of ACEs beyond household environments. To date, few studies examine multidimensional ACEs with community violence. ⋯ However, the "household dysfunction" class was not significantly different in all three mental disorders from the "low adversity" class. Findings supported the differences in mental disorders in young adulthood by types of exposures to ACEs. The study highlights the importance of considering types of ACEs exposure for promoting mental health of young adults.
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
ReviewColorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood tests for Indigenous adults: A systematic literature review of barriers, enablers and implemented strategies.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using a Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is a well-established population intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity of CRC. As Indigenous people are not fully benefiting from the screening programs, a greater understanding of barriers and enablers affecting participation is needed. ⋯ The review identified barriers and possible enablers for Indigenous participation in the CRC screening program, some which appear to be unique to Indigenous people. Further intervention studies conducted in partnership with Indigenous communities are needed to improve participation.
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Observational StudyRates of suicidal ideation among HIV-infected patients in care in the HIV Outpatient Study 2000-2017, USA.
Suicidal ideation (SI) refers to an individual thinking about, considering or planning suicide. Identifying and characterizing persons with HIV (PWH) at greater risk for SI may lead to better suicide prevention strategies and quality of life improvement. ⋯ Routine mental health assessment and monitoring are needed in HIV clinical practice to better understand factors associated with SI and to inform the development of preventive interventions.
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Binge drinking, HIV/HPV co-infection risk, and HIV testing: Factors associated with HPV vaccination among young adults in the United States.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection. Binge drinkers often engage in HIV/HPV co-infection high-risk behaviors. We examined the association between binge drinking, HIV/HPV co-infection risk, HIV testing and HPV vaccination among young adults. ⋯ After adjusting for demographics and HIV/HPV co-infection high-risk behaviors, one (aOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.11-6.65) and two episodes (aOR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.26-7.41) of binge drinking in the past 30 days were significantly associated with HPV vaccination uptake. Positive associations between HPV vaccination and participants having an HIV test in 2017 (aOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.42-10.55) and before 2017 (aOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.23-5.56) were also statistically significant. Because young adult binge drinkers are more likely to engage in HIV/HPV co-infection high-risk behaviors, promoting HPV vaccination and HIV testing are important public health objectives.
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Preventive medicine · May 2020
Association of prescription opioids and incident cardiovascular risk factors among post-9/11 Veterans.
Reports indicate that long-term opioid therapy is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using VA electronic health record data, we measured the impact of opioid use on the incidence of modifiable CVD risk factors. We included Veterans whose encounter was between October 2001 to November 2014. ⋯ Those with long-term exposure were at higher risk of having hypertension (adjusted average hazards ratio [HR] 1.45, 99% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-1.59), dyslipidemia (HR 1.45, 99% CI 1.35-156), diabetes (HR 1.30, 99% CI 1.07-1.57), current smoking status (HR 1.34, 99% CI 1.24-1.46), and obesity (HR 1.22, 99% CI 1.12-1.32). Compared to short-term exposure, long-term had higher risk of current smoking status (HR 1.12, 99% CI 1.01-1.24). These findings suggest potential benefit to screening and surveillance of CVD risk factors for patients prescribed opioids, especially long-term opioid therapy.