Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
ReviewPromoting colorectal cancer screening: A scoping review of screening interventions and resources.
Early detection through screening can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, but approximately 33% of adults aged 50-75 are not getting screened as recommended. Many interventions to increase CRC screening have been tested, but clinical and community organizations may be challenged in identifying the optimum programs and program materials to increase screening and ultimately reduce CRC mortality. ⋯ Interventions varied greatly in terms of follow-up time, test modality, and data sources. Organizations seeking to implement a program aimed at increasing CRC screening should consider both intervention components and relevant program materials.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
ReviewExamining lung cancer screening utilization with public-use data: Opportunities and challenges.
Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography is recommended for high-risk smokers who meet specific eligibility criteria. Current guidelines suggest that eligible adults with a heavy smoking history will benefit from annual low dose computed tomography but due to several associated risks (e.g., false-positives, radiation exposure, overdiagnosis) a shared decision-making consultation is required by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and endorsed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force. ⋯ The results show that none of the surveys include items that fully assess current LCS guidelines. Implications for future research-including the potential to examine factors associated with LCS uptake and patient-provider communication-are addressed.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
Pre-and postnatal maternal smoking and offspring smoking trajectories: Evidence from a 20-year birth cohort.
Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of smoking in the offspring. However, it remains unclear whether this association depends on the timing of exposure to maternal smoking. We investigated the association between prenatal and/or postnatal maternal smoking and offspring smoking during adolescence. ⋯ We also found that only youth whose mothers were persistent smokers had an increased risk of late-onset smoking. Regardless of timing, offspring exposure to maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of smoking during adolescence. More research is needed on how to create effective smoking cessation campaigns that span preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods to help prevent intergenerational transmission of smoking behaviors.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
Association between gun owner attitudes and their behavior in private firearm sales.
Federal law places no regulations on unlicensed, private firearm sellers. However, a majority of the firearms used in crime come from these unregulated markets. This study aims to characterize the demographics of gun owners who engage in private sales, determine how often these individuals engage in selling behaviors, and ascertain whether sellers' attitudes are associated with their reported behaviors in the private market. ⋯ Among private sellers, only 44% checked purchasers for eligibility and 32% denied a sale due to concerns about whether the firearm would be used safely. Sellers who agreed it was their responsibility to ensure purchasers were eligible to buy a gun had 4.52 (95% CI:1.78 to 11.5) times greater odds of reporting checking for a permit or conduct a background check on their last sale. it. These findings suggest a need for strategies to increase gun sellers' perceptions of responsibility for ensuring only eligible purchasers purchase guns, potentially including communication campaigns or educational programs.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2021
Combustible and electronic cigarette use and insufficient sleep among U.S. high school students.
The study aimed to investigate the relationships between current exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive combustible cigarette smoking, and dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, and insufficient sleep among U. S. adolescents. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey including 11,296 U. ⋯ When comparing current use groups, exclusive e-cigarette users were at 3.20 increased odds (95%CI = 1.65-6.22) and dual-product users were at 3.26 increased odds (95%CI = 1.51-7.03) to report insufficient sleep <8 h/night when compared with exclusive combustible cigarette smokers after covariate adjustment. Dual-product users were 1.89 times more likely (95%CI = 1.01-3.51) to report insufficient sleep <7 h/night when compared with exclusive combustible cigarette smokers. School-based prevention efforts for tobacco use may promote sufficient sleep in youth.