Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
Cardiovascular risk and functional burden at midlife: Prospective associations of isotemporal reallocations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time in the CARDIA study.
Cardiovascular risk and functional burden, or the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors coupled with functional decline, may be an important risk state analogy to multimorbidity. We investigated prospective associations of sedentary time (ST), light intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with cardiovascular risk and functional burden at midlife. Participants were 1648 adults (mean ± SD age = 45 ± 4 years, 61% female, 39% Black) from Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) who wore accelerometers in 2005-2006 and 2015-2016. ⋯ Reallocating 24 min of LPA to MVPA was associated with a 14% lower odds of cardiovascular risk and functional burden (OR: 0.86; CI: 0.75, 0.99). In longitudinal isotemporal models, similar beneficial associations were observed when 10-year increases in MVPA replaced time in ST or LPA. Findings suggest that maintaining an MVPA dose reflecting daily physical activity recommendations in early midlife is associated with lower odds of cardiovascular risk and functional burden later in midlife.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
The role of familial confounding in the associations of physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption with early exit from the labour market.
We investigated the associations between health behaviors and sustainable working life outcomes including all-cause disability pension, disability pensions due to musculoskeletal and mental diagnoses and unemployment. The role of familial factors behind these associations was studied by analysing discordant twin pairs. Our data included Swedish twins born in 1925-1986 (51891 twin individuals). ⋯ The discordant pair analyses confirmed the lower risk among those having healthy behaviors (HR 0.70-0.86) or being physically active (HR 0.86-0.87) for all-cause disability pension, disability pension due to musculoskeletal diagnoses, and for unemployment. To conclude, controlling the effects of covariates or familial confounding (i.e. discordant twin pair analyses) shows that being physically active or having several healthy behaviors predict better working life outcomes. This points towards independent association between healthy behavior and longer working life.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
Physical activity and stroke among women - A non-linear relationship.
Studies have identified non-linear inverse relationships between physical activity and the risk of stroke. A U-shaped response has been observed between haemorrhagic stroke and physical activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between physical activities on stroke. ⋯ High-intensity activities were associated with a U-shaped response for haemorrhagic stroke types. Low-intensity activities were associated with a linear response for all stroke types. Our results support other observations that physical activity may reduce stroke risk.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
The adherence to school meals is associated with a lower occurrence of obesity among Brazilian adolescents.
This study aimed to verify the association between adherence to meals from the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and obesity indicators among adolescents. Data from 12,373 students attending public schools from the 2015 National Survey of School Health were used. Adherence to school meals was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire and classified as null (zero/rarely), low (1-2×/week), moderate (3-4×/week), and high (5×/week). ⋯ An inverse and dose-response association were observed between adherence to the PNAE meals and obesity indicators. Adolescents with high adherence to school meals (5×/week) had a 0.10 lower BMI Z-score (coefficient = -0.10, CI -0.17;-0.03), 11% less prevalence of overweight (PR = 0.89, CI 0.80;0.99) and 24% less prevalence of obesity (PR = 0.76, CI 0.62;0.93) than those with a lower adherence (<5×/week). Our results showed that the adherence to PNAE meals may contribute to obesity prevention in Brazil.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
Awareness of the link between human papillomavirus and oral cancer in UK university students.
Awareness of the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer varies across populations. Levels of awareness and factors may impact HPV vaccine uptake in women and the intent to obtain the vaccine in men if it becomes available. A cross-sectional survey of 1415 UK university students (495 men and 920 women) aged 18-25 years was conducted. ⋯ However, being aware was associated with HPV vaccine uptake in women (aOR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.19-2.28) and borderline associated with the intent to obtain the HPV vaccine in men (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI: 0.99-2.35). Non-heterosexual men were more willing than heterosexuals to receive the vaccine. Following the UK gender-neutral HPV vaccination programme, there is an opportunity to increase awareness about the link between HPV and oral cancers aside from the cervical cancer link to influence HPV vaccine uptake.