Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
Household food insecurity and in-utero and early life smoke exposure: Data from NHANES 2003-2016.
In-utero, postnatal, and childhood smoke exposure are associated with adverse health consequences, and examining factors related to smoke exposure during these vulnerable periods are critical to inform efforts that promote maternal and child health. This study included pregnant and postpartum women aged 20-44 years and children aged 3-12 years from National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016 cycles. Logistic regression examined association of household food insecurity with firsthand (FHS) and secondhand (SHS) exposure among pregnant and postpartum women, and SHS exposure among children, based on serum cotinine and respondent-reports. ⋯ Using respondent-reported smoking status, low food security in pregnant and postpartum women was significantly related to increased odds of FHS exposure (OR(95% CI) = 3.75(1.52, 9.23)). Further, children from marginal, low and very low food secure households had significantly higher odds of SHS exposure compared to those from food secure households. Results imply the co-occurrence food insecurity and in-utero and early life smoke exposure.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
Combined patterns of participation in cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screenings and factors for non-participation in each screening among women in Japan.
Finding effective strategies to increase participation in cervical cancer screening (CCS), breast cancer screening (BCS) and colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) for women is an important public health issue. Our objective was to examine combined patterns of participation in these three screenings and investigate the factors associated with non-participation in each. We analyzed 115,254 women aged 40-69 who were age-eligible for all three screenings from a 2016 nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan. ⋯ Unstable employment, low educational attainment, low self-rated health, and current smoker were associated with both non-participation and partial-participation, especially single-participation in cervical and breast cancer screening. For example, self-employed women were more likely to be non-participants [aOR 2.80 95%CI: 2.65-2.96], single-participants for CCS [aOR 2.87 95%CI: 2.57-3.20], and BCS [aOR 2.07 95%CI: 1.85-2.33] than permanent workers. It may be useful to consider related factors for non-participation patterns to encourage partial-participants to have other cancer screenings by utilizing one cancer screening as an opportunity to provide information about other screenings.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
A community-wide intervention to promote physical activity: A five-year quasi-experimental study.
Evidence on the effects of a community-wide intervention (CWI) on population-level physical activity (PA), especially in the long term, is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the five-year effect of CWI on promoting PA through information dissemination, education, and community support primarily targeting older adults, by incorporating Japanese guidelines, in Fujisawa City, from 2013. To assess the effect of the whole-city intervention, we distributed questionnaires in 2013, 2015, and 2018 to three independent random samples of 3,000 community-dwelling adults (aged ≥ 20 years) using a quasi-experimental study design. ⋯ Among older adults, PA was significantly lower in those with poorer perceived economic status than in their more well-off counterparts at the two-year follow-up (P= 0.003); however, there was no significant difference at the five-year follow-up (P= 1.000). There was a positive interaction between group and period (mean difference of change between groups: 40.9 minutes/day, P= 0.001). In conclusion, the five-year CWI targeting older adults, incorporating national guidelines, improved population-level PA.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
The association between mental health and shift work: Findings from the Atlantic PATH study.
We evaluated the relationship between mental health and shift work in the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (PATH) cohort study. In a matched study with 12,413 participants, including 4155 shift workers and 8258 non-shift workers, we utilized general linear models and logistic regression models to assess the differences in depression, anxiety, and self-rated health. ⋯ Shift workers were more likely to have increased rates of depression and poor self-rated health, as well as depressive and anxiety symptom scores compared to non-shift workers. As a result, shift workers may be at increased risk of comorbidity, poor quality of life, missed work, and early retirement.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2021
Identifying message themes to prevent e-cigarette use among youth and young adults.
In 2020, almost 20% of high school students reported current e-cigarette use. Mass media tobacco prevention campaigns are effective for preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults but selecting messages that will have maximum impact on the target audience is a significant challenge for campaign developers. This study describes the method for identification of potential messaging targets for a national anti-vape mass media campaign using criteria proposed by Hornik and Woolf in their health communication framework. ⋯ The resulting items targeted five potential message themes, each forming a scale measured with three to four individual items. Message themes included social acceptability of vaping, anti-vape industry sentiment, independence from vaping, non-vaping identity, and perceived risk of harm. Findings were used to inform the development of truth® campaign messaging focused on reducing the prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults.