Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2022
ReviewPrecision health in behaviour change interventions: A scoping review.
Precision health seeks to optimise behavioural interventions by delivering personalised support to those in need, when and where they need it. Conceptualised a decade ago, progress toward this vision of personally relevant and effective population-wide interventions continues to evolve. This scoping review aimed to map the state of precision health behaviour change intervention research. ⋯ Data was mostly behavioural or lifestyle (20/31, 65%), and physiologic, biochemical or clinical (15/31, 48%), with no studies utilising genetic/genomic data. This review demonstrated that precision health behaviour change interventions remain dependent on human-led, low-tech personalisation, and have not fully considered the interaction between behaviour and the social and environmental contexts of individuals. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between personalisation and intervention effectiveness, working toward the development of sophisticated and scalable behaviour change interventions that have tangible public health impact.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2022
Multicenter StudySmoking cessation and depression after acute coronary syndrome.
Smoking and depression are risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that often co-exist. We investigated the evolution of depression according to smoking cessation one-year after ACS. Data from 1822 ACS patients of the Swiss multicenter SPUM-ACS cohort study were analyzed over a one-year follow-up. ⋯ New depression at one-year was found in 24.4% of non-depressed smokers who quit, and in 27.1% of non-depressed continuous smokers, with an adjusted OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.55-1.29) of moving to a CES-D score of ≥16 or using antidepressants. In conclusion, smokers with depression at time of ACS who quit smoking improved their depression more frequently compared to continuous smokers. The incidence of new depression among smokers who quit after ACS was similar compared to continuous smokers.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2022
The association of smoking cessation with mortality from pneumonia among middle-aged and elderly community residents: The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study.
Several studies have shown that smoking is a significant risk factor for pneumonia, but it is uncertain to what extent smoking cessation reduces the risk. This study aimed to investigate whether and to what extent smoking cessation is associated with reduced risk of mortality from pneumonia in a Japanese, prospective, community-based cohort. We examined 94,972 individuals (mean age, 57 years; women, 57%) who provided valid responses to a lifestyle questionnaire including questions about smoking. ⋯ Multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) compared with the current smokers were 1.02 (0.72-1.45) for 0-1 year of smoking cessation at baseline, 0.92 (0.70-1.22) for 2-4 years, 0.95 (0.74-1.21) for 5-9 years, 0.71 (0.53-0.96) for 10-14 years, 0.63 (0.48-0.83) for 15 years or more, and 0.50 (0.36-0.70) for never-smokers. Although smoking increases the risk of pneumonia mortality, the present study showed that the risk of pneumonia mortality decreased with years of smoking cessation, eventually improving to levels similar to those of non-smokers for 10 years or more. Continued smoking cessation may be effective in preventing pneumonia deaths.