Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
Socioecological approach for identifying the determinants of objectively measured physical activity: A prospective study of the UK Biobank.
The socioecological approach emphasises that health promotion should focus on a variety of factors that surround individuals simultaneously, yet there is little evidence on how these factors relatively affect physical activity (PA). The main objective was to identify relevant determinants of PA by examining the associations between factors within multilayered socioecological categories and PA. A prospective analysis was conducted with 84,052 participants participating in the accelerometer measurement from the UK Biobank. ⋯ PCs related to body composition and socio-economic status were proposed as the key regulatory hubs in the network because they exhibited the highest level of indirect linkages with other components. In the environmental category, PCs related to greenness and air pollution were revealed to be key factors in the self-reported walking for pleasure. Using a socioecological approach, it was discovered that obesity and disease-related factors were the most important determinants, and they had an integrative influence with other factors in different categories.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
Electronic cigarette use among sexual minority and heterosexual young adults in a U.S. National Sample: Exploring the modifying effects of advertisement exposure.
Sexual minorities demonstrate disparities in traditional cigarette use and nicotine-related health consequences. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Sexual minorities have been found to use e-cigarettes at higher rates than heterosexuals, but little is known about reasons for this disparity. ⋯ In contrast, sexual minority status was not associated with lifetime e-cigarette use after controlling for covariates. Post-hoc tests revealed that sexual minority status was associated with heightened risk of current and lifetime e-cigarette use only among females. This is the first study to examine the impact of e-cigarette advertising across expanded settings, including point of sale locations (e.g., retail, bars, festivals), while exploring differences in current and lifetime e-cigarette use among sexual minority and heterosexual males and females.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
Impact of a structured older persons health assessment on herpes zoster vaccine uptake in Australian primary care.
Vaccine uptake in adult immunisation programs is often suboptimal. We aimed to assess the impact of the structured older persons health assessment (health assessment) on herpes zoster (zoster) vaccine uptake in Australia. We used national general practice electronic medical records (MedicineInsight) of encounters with patients aged 75-79 years because these patients were age-eligible for both free zoster vaccines and health assessments in the two years following the addition of zoster vaccine to the national immunisation program (Nov 2016-Dec 2018). ⋯ Zoster vaccine was more likely to be administered during a general practice encounter with a health assessment compared to encounters without one (adjusted odds ratio 2.99; 95% CI: 2.76-3.23). In conclusion, the structured older persons health assessment, which acts as both an incentive and a reminder for healthcare providers to recommend vaccinations in adults improves uptake of zoster vaccine in eligible adults. Such interventions may have a role in improving vaccine uptake among older adults.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2022
Tobacco and cannabis use as moderators of the association between physical activity and alcohol use across the adult lifespan in the United States: NHANES, 2005-2016.
Physically-active adults are more likely to consume alcohol, but this association may vary if adults also use other substances (i.e., tobacco and/or cannabis), which could increase substance-use related harms. This study examined whether tobacco and/or cannabis use moderated the associations between physical activity, odds of drinking and alcohol drinks/week. We used cross-sectional 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (United States of America). ⋯ Using tobacco weakened the association between device-based MVPA and alcohol drinks/week (IRR = 0.934, 95% CI: [0.888, 0.982]). Cannabis and tobacco use weakened the association between physical activity and alcohol use. The positive association between physical activity and alcohol use may be limited to single substance users of alcohol and could reflect shared reasons for engaging in these behaviors, such as stress management or social motives.
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Contested racial identity- self-identified race not matching socially-assigned race-may be an indication of experiences with racism. We aimed to understand the relationship between contested racial identity and women's health behaviors, health outcomes, and infant health outcomes. We used 2012-2015 Massachusetts Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data on 5735 women linked with infants' birth certificates. ⋯ Contested racial identity is common; it affects the behaviors that women engage in and the outcomes they experience postpartum. Further, we found that there is a potential benefit to a White social ascription. This work adds to growing evidence of the impact of racism on maternal and infant health in the United States.